刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖环境中可培养细菌与理化参数的动态及其相关性分析  

Dynamic and correlation study on culturable bacteria and physicochemical indexes in the environment of Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds

作　　者：李秋芬[1] 姜娓娓[1,2] 刘淮德[1] 李晓龙[1] 宋娴丽[3] 王晓红[3] 邱兆星[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,青岛266003 [3]山东省海水养殖研究所,青岛266002

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2014年第3期544-550,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170113)资助~~

摘　　要：随着刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)人工养殖业的快速发展,刺参病害日渐突出.养殖环境微生物和理化参数作为养殖生态系统的重要组成部分,其变化规律及其相关性研究对防治刺参病害具有重要意义.本研究于2012年4月至2013年4月,对山东省即墨市刺参养殖池塘水体中4种可培养细菌(总异养菌、弧菌、硝化细菌、硫化细菌)、4项理化参数(温度、pH、盐度、溶解氧)和沉积环境中6种可培养细菌(总异养菌、弧菌、硝化细菌、硝酸盐还原菌、硫化细菌、硫酸盐还原菌)、6项理化参数(温度、pH、氧化还原电位、硫化物、有机碳、总氮)的动态变化进行了监测,并分析了不同细菌类群的数量及其与沉积物中5项理化指标间的相关性.结果显示:水中大多数细菌类群的周年变化呈夏季高、冬季低的趋势,与温度的变化趋势基本一致,弧菌的变化幅度较异养菌大;硝化细菌较硫化细菌高一个数量级,但变化趋势一致;水体的pH与溶解氧均在夏季高温出现最低值,与温度变化趋势相反;沉积物中异养菌数变化不大,弧菌数量在夏季和冬季出现两个高值.氮循环相关细菌的数量高于硫循环相关细菌.相关性分析结果显示,刺参养殖池塘沉积物的pH与氧化还原电位呈显著正相关(P<0.05),二者与硫化物含量均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01).硫化物含量与总异养菌、硫酸盐还原菌和硝化细菌均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与硫化菌和硝酸盐还原菌呈显著负相关(P<0.05),总氮含量与硝化细菌正相关性显著(P<0.05).各类细菌数量之间也存在一定的相关性:总异养菌与硝化细菌、硫酸盐还原菌之间、硝化细菌与硫酸盐还原菌之间均存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01),弧菌与总异养菌、硝化细菌之间存在正相关性,硝酸盐还原菌与硝化细菌之间、硫酸盐还原菌与硫化细菌之间存在负相关性.本研究表明刺参养殖池塘环境中多项理化参数With the rapid development of sea cucumber aquaculture, its diseases become a prominet problem. As integral parts of the Apostichopus japonicus culture ecosystem, microbios and physicochemical indexes have close relationship with the health of sea cucumber. Therefore, it is crucial to detect the variation regulation of physicochemical indexes and culturable bacteria in the environment of sea cucumber culture ponds. From April 2012 to April 2013, the dynamic variation of 4 culturable bacteria groups （heterotrophic bacteria, vibrios, nitrifying bacteria, sulphurate bacteria） and 4 physicochemical indexes （temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen） in water of Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds in Jimo, Shandong Province were monitored. Besides, the sediment was also tested for 6 culturable bacteria groups （heterotrophic bacteria, vibrios, nitrifying bacteria, nitrate-reducing bacteria, sulphurate bacteria, sulphurate-reducing） and 6 physicochemical indexes （temperature, pH, redox potential, sulfide, organic carbon, total nitrogen）. Meanwhile, the correlation between different bacteria groups and 5 physicochemical environmental indexes in sediment was analyzed. The result showed that the population of most bacteria groups was high in summer and low in winter, and that the variation amplitude of vibrios was bigger than that of heterotrophic bacteria. The number of nitrifying bacteria was the one order of magnitude higher than that of sulfuring bacteria, with similar variation trend. The pH and dissolved oxygen had lowest values in summer. The number of heterotrophic bacteria in sediment did not vary much, but that of vibrios showed two peaks in summer and winter. The number of nitrogen- circulation related bacteria was higher than that of sulfur circulation bacteria. According to the correlation analysis, redox potential showed a significant positive correlation with pH in the sediment （P 〈 0.05）, both an extremely significant negative correlation with sulfide （P 〈 0.01）. Sulfide showe

关 键 词：刺参养殖池塘 硫化物 弧菌 相关分析 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]