华北平原小麦、玉米一年两作区长期秸秆全量还田对夏玉米产量的影响  

Effect of long-term total straw return to field on summer-maize yield in wheat-maize double cropping system of North China Plain

作　　者：金亚征[1] 忻龙祚[1] 王建民[1] 丁丽梅 

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院园艺系,河北张家口075000 [2]北京市农业广播电视学校顺义区分校,北京101300

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2014年第3期527-533,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技攻关计划项目(2006BAD15B03)

摘　　要：为研究华北平原小麦、玉米一年两作区不同耕作方式和长期秸秆全量还田对夏玉米产量的影响,以郑单958(ZD958)、浚单20(JD20)、蠡玉16(LY16)、农大108(ND108)为材料,研究4个夏玉米品种在不同耕作方式和秸秆还田下的产量、干物质积累、叶面积指数、光合势、净同化率、粒叶比等生理指标。结果显示:前茬玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖免耕播种冬小麦及下茬小麦秸秆全量还田免耕种植夏玉米(双免)方式较前茬玉米秸秆不还田翻耕种植冬小麦及下茬小麦秸秆全量还田免耕种植夏玉米(翻免)方式平均增产13.8%,且较前茬玉米秸秆粉碎还田旋耕种植冬小麦及下茬小麦秸秆全量还田免耕种植夏玉米(旋免)方式平均增产6.8%;双免方式种植的玉米吐丝前、吐丝后干物质含量均高于其他2种耕作方式;双免种植的玉米群体叶面积指数从大喇叭口期开始明显优于旋免和翻免2种耕作方式;双免种植的玉米吐丝后光合势、净同化率均高于其他2种耕作方式;同时,双免种植方式的夏玉米具有较高的粒叶比。表明在华北平原连续多年种植小麦、玉米,双免耕作方式较翻免和旋免耕作方式对夏玉米具有较好的增产效果。Four summer-maize varieties, ZD958, JD20, LY16, and ND108 , were selected as materials to study the effect of different tillage modes and long-term total straw return on yield, dry matter production, leaf area index, photosyn-thesis potential, net assimilation rate, grain-leaf ratio of summer-maize in wheat-maize double cropping system of North China Plain. There were three tillage modes, non-tillage winter wheat planting after maize stalk mulching and non-tillage summer maize planting after wheat stalk returning（ I） , winter wheat planting after tillage without maize stalk returning and non-tillage summer maize planting after wheat stalk return （ II） , and rotary-tillage winter wheat planting after maize stalk return and non-tillage summer maize planting after wheat stalk return（III）. Mode Ⅰ achieved higher yield, 13. 8% more than mode Ⅱ and 6. 8% more than mode Ⅲ. Mode Ⅰ excelled modes Ⅱ and Ⅲ in pre-and post-silking dry matter contents, population leaf area index since large bell stage, post-silking photosynthesis potential, net assimilation rate, and grain-leaf ratio. In conclusion, summer maize yield under mode Ⅰ were higher than those under modes Ⅱ and Ⅲ.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 夏玉米 产量 耕作方式 

分 类 号：S513.059[农业科学—作物学]