太湖地区稻麦轮作系统氮、磷径流排放规律及流失系数  

Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses and loss coefficients in rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake basin

作　　者：席运官[1] 田伟[1] 李妍[1] 徐欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2014年第3期534-540,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业公益性行业科研专项基金项目(201003014-2)

摘　　要：为了计算太湖地区稻麦轮作系统中氮、磷的径流排放量,通过2年的小区径流试验,研究了不同施肥方式和施肥量情况下氮、磷的流失规律及流失系数。结果表明:不同施肥处理2008年度和2009年度的全氮流失量分别为14.20~65.17 kg/hm2和38.08~77.76 kg/hm2,流失系数分别为6.02%~9.67%和3.00%~5.16%,麦季氮素的流失以硝态氮为主,而稻季则以铵态氮为主。不同施肥处理2008年度和2009年度全磷流失量分别为0.65~1.21 kg/hm2和0.72~1.15 kg/hm2,流失系数分别为-0.34%~0.19%和-0.81%^-0.15%,但不同施肥处理对径流水中总磷浓度的影响不大。施肥量、降雨时间和降雨量是影响氮、磷流失的主要因素,并且肥料深施、秸秆覆盖、节水灌溉等可在一定程度上降低氮的径流损失。In order to measure the runoff losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in rice-wheat rotation system, a continu-ous two-year field plot experiment was carried out in Taihu Lake basin under different fertilization amounts and modes. The total nitrogen （TN） losses in 2008 and 2009 were 14. 20-65. 17 kg/hm2 and 38. 08-77. 76 kg/hm2 respectively, and the loss coefficients were 6. 02%-9. 67% and 3. 00%-5. 16%, respectively. The total nitrogen loss was in NH＋4-N state main-ly in the rice season, whereas in the wheat season it was in NO-3-N state. The total amounts of nitrogen runoff were signifi-cantly different between years. The total phosphorus （TP） losses in 2008 and 2009 were 0. 65-1. 21 kg/hm2 and 0. 72-1. 15 kg/hm2 respectively, and the loss coefficients were -0. 34%-0. 19% and -0. 81%--0. 15%. TP concentration in runoff was independent of fertilization amounts and modes. Fertilizer input amount, rainfall time and rainfall amount were the main factors that influence the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus. Deep application of fertilizer, straw mulching and wa-ter saving irrigation could reduce nitrogen loss.

关 键 词：太湖流域 麦稻轮作 径流 流失系数 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]