种子萌发及其调控的研究进展  

Research Progress in Seed Germination and Its Control

作　　者：徐恒恒 黎妮[2] 刘树君[1] 王伟青[1] 王伟平[2] 张红[1] 程红焱[1] 宋松泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [2]湖南杂交水稻研究中心/杂交水稻国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《作物学报》2014年第7期1141-1156,共16页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC01B05);国家自然科学基金项目(31171624;31070299)资助

摘　　要：大多数有花植物通过有性生殖和产生种子繁衍后代,种子的成功萌发和正常成苗决定植物物种的繁衍与生存。种子萌发容易受到机械伤害、病害和环境胁迫的影响,是植物生活周期中最重要和最脆弱的阶段,对于一年生和二年生植物则更为重要。种子萌发是一个复杂的多步骤过程,在这个过程中静止的干燥种子迅速恢复代谢活性,完成胚伸出周围结构的细胞事件,以及为随后的幼苗生长做准备。本文综述了近年来种子萌发及其调控的研究进展,主要包括种子萌发过程中的重要生理事件,与种子萌发有关的蛋白合成、翻译后修饰和蛋白质组,以及植物激素对种子萌发的调节。此外,我们还提出了种子萌发的能量刺激假说,此假说为减少禾谷类作物种子和粮食生产中发生的穗萌现象提供了新的研究思想,并且有助于回答植物学、农学和园艺学中的2个基本问题,即胚怎样从它的周围结构中伸出完成萌发?胚的伸出怎样被阻断以至于种子被维持在休眠状态?Most flowering plants reproduce through sexual breeding and seed production. The success of seed germination and the establishment of a normal seedling determinate the propagation and survival of plant species. Seed germination is the most critical and flimsy phase in plant life cycle because of its high vulnerability to injury, disease and environmental stress, which are very important especially for annual and biannual plant species. Seed germination is a complex and multistep process during which the quiescent dry seeds quickly recover the metabolic activity, complete essential cellular events for the embryo to emerge from sur rounding structures, and prepare for subsequent seedling growth. In the present paper, the recent research progress in seed germination and its control is reviewed, mainly including the important physiological events during germination, the protein synthesis, posttranslational modification and proteome associated with seed germination, and regulation of phytohormone on seed germination. Furthermore, we have also proposed an energy stimulating hypothesis for seed germination, which provides a new idea for decreasing the pre-harvest sprouting occurred in seed and foodstuff production of cereal crops and answering two fundamental questions in botany, agronomy, and horticulture： how does the embryo emerge from its surrounding structures to complete germination and how is embryo emergence blocked so that seeds can be maintained in the dormant state？

关 键 词：萌发主要事件 植物激素 蛋白合成与翻译后修饰 蛋白质组 萌发的调节 种子萌发 

分 类 号：Q945.34[生物学—植物学]