N,N′-双(十六烷基二甲基)-1,2-二溴化乙二铵盐的界面活性及流变行为  

Interfacial Activity and Rheological Behavior of N,N′-Bis(Hexadecyl Dimethyl)-1,2-Dibromide-Ethanediyl Ammonium Salt

作　　者：洪玉[1] 沈一丁[1] 杨晓武[1] 刘观军[1] 张林[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学化学与化工学院教育部轻化工助剂化学与技术重点实验室,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2014年第3期542-547,共6页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：陕西省重大科技创新项目(2011ZKC04-3);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2012JQ2004)资助

摘　　要：以N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺和溴代烷烃合成了系列阳离子型双子表面活性剂GSm-2-m(m为14,16,18),考察了疏水碳链长度、温度、剪切速率、水杨酸钠(NaSal)对GSm-2-m水溶液黏度行为的影响,同时考察了其降低油-水界面张力的能力。结果表明,在高剪切速率(170s-1)下,GSm-2-m分子中的烷基链越长,其增黏能力也越强,温度升高和剪切时间延长均使其水溶液的黏度下降;根据Ostwald-de Waele方程对流体相关参数计算得出,GSm-2-m水溶液的流动指数或非牛顿指数n低于0.63,稠度系数(k)随GSm-2-m分子中碳链增长逐渐增大,且均为非牛顿流体,流体结构对其水溶液黏度贡献明显;少量NaSal的加入对GS16-2-16水溶液的黏度行为影响甚微,当NaSal质量浓度达到1g/L后,溶液黏度急剧下降;NaSal质量浓度为5.2g/L时十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(C16TAB)水溶液黏度骤增,接近无盐时GS16-2-16水溶液黏度的3倍;在GS16-2-16浓度为0.41mmol/L时,仅需22min即可将其溶液的油-水界面张力降至2.0×10-3 mN/m。With N,N,N＇,N＇-tetramethylethylenediamine and as raw materials the Gimi surfactants GSm-2-m（m 为 14, 16, 18） were synthesized. The factors, such as the length of hydrocarbon chain, temperature, shear rate and NaSal, influencing the theological behavior of GSm-2-rn aqueous solutions were investigated. Meanwhile, the interfacial activity of GSm-2-rn was discussed. The viscosity of GSrn-2-m aqueous solution at high shear rate （170 s 1） increased with the increase of the length of the hydrophobic carbon chain in GSrn-2-rn molecule, but decreased with temperature rising and shearing time prolonging. It is found that the flow index （n） of GSm-2-m aqueous solutions was lower than 0.63, and consistency factor（k） increased with the the length increase of carbon chain in GSm-2-rn molecule, according to the related parameters of fluid calculated by Ostwald-de Waele equation. The GSm-2-m aqueous solutions were considered as non-Newtonian fluid, and their rheological behaviors were influenced by liquid layouts. The viscosity of GS16-2-16 solution was almost not impacted by a few amount of NaSal and declined sharply when the massconcentration of NaSal reached 1 g/L, while the viscosity of C16 TAB solution increased clearly to be 3 times as much as the viscosity of salt-free GS16-2-16 solution. The GS16-2-16 could reduce the interracial tension between simulated oil and water to 2.0X 10- 3mN/m within 22 min.

关 键 词：表面活性剂 界面活性 流体结构 流变行为 毛细管数 

分 类 号：O648[理学—物理化学]