世界自然遗产空间分布特征  

Spatial Distribution of the World Natural Heritages

作　　者：曹华盛[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆400047

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第4期162-165,共4页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：重庆社科规划项目(No.10YBZH55)

摘　　要：运用频数分析和对比分析方法,从半球、纬向、洲际和国家尺度研究了世界自然遗产的分布特征,为世界自然遗产的申报与评定、遗产地的保护与管理、遗产旅游的规划发展等提供参考。结果表明,北半球世界自然遗产数量是南半球的2.3倍,东半球是西半球的2.68倍,但南、北半球和东、西半球的空间分布密度分别相当;纬向分布上看,世界自然遗产显著集中在中、低纬度地区,占总量的92%;世界自然遗产数量与大洲面积成正相关,相关系数达到了0.97,空间分布密度和遗产人口密度欧洲和大洋洲最大,分别是4.80项·(106km2)-1、4.67项·(107人)-1;发达国家世界自然遗产分布集中指数达到了1.38,显著优于发展中国家。总体来看,世界自然遗产的区域分布特征与自然环境和人类活动等有着密切关系。The present paper, using frequency analysis and comparative analysis, attempts to study the distribution of the natural heritages in the world at multi-scales of hemispherical, latitudinal, intercontinental and national as to provide a reference for the nomination and assess- ment of the world natural heritage, the protection and management of heritage sites, tourism planning and development of the heritage. The results indicated that the number of the natural heritages in the northern hemisphere is 2.3 times of the southern hemisphere and the number in the eastern hemisphere is 2.68 times of the western hemisphere. However, the spatial density is quite matched between the northern and southern hemispheres, and between the eastern and western hemispheres respectively. From the point view of latitudinal distribution, the world natural heritages significantly concentrated in low latitude regions, which accounts for 92 % of the total. The number of natural herit- age in each continent is significant correlated with the continent area with a positive correlation coefficient of 0.97. Among of the compared five continents, the Europe, Oceania has the highest spatial density of 4. 80 heritages per million kin2 and per capital heritage density of 4.67 heritages per ten million populations, respectively. In developed countries, the distribution efficiency index reaches 1.38, which is signifi- cantly larger than developing countries. Overall, the regional distribution of the world natural heritage had a close relation with the natural and anthropogenic environments.

关 键 词：世界自然遗产 空间分布 空间分布密度 遗产人口密度 分布集中指数 

分 类 号：O212.1[理学—概率论与数理统计] F590.3[理学—数学]