温石棉矿工死因分析  

Mortality Study of Chrysotile Asbestos Miners in China

作　　者：杜利利[1] 兰亚佳[1] 王绵珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2014年第6期446-450,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析温石棉对矿工的死因影响,为职业病防治工作提供科学依据。方法通过队列研究,分析中国某石棉矿矿工的主要死因、不同年龄段的主要死因、死因标化死亡比,以及温石棉对矿工死因的影响。结果矿工的死亡率为939.20/10万,主要死因是恶性肿瘤,心、脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病,占全部死因的71.46%。与全国城镇居民相比,矿工肺癌、石棉肺、肺心病、呼吸系统疾病的死亡率都明显升高(SMR>1,P<0.05)。利用COX比例风险模型,显示温石棉暴露组的死亡率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(RR=1.91,P<0.05)。结论矿工的死亡率高于全国城镇居民平均水平,温石棉接触可以提高矿工肺癌、石棉肺、肺心病、呼吸系统疾病的死亡率。Objective To analyze the influence of chrysotile asbestos on death causes of miners and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of occupational diseases. Methods Retrospective cohort method was applied to analyze the main death causes of the miners, the distribution of the main causes of death among different age group, the standardized mortality ratio and the influence of chrysotile on workers. Results The mortality rate was 939. 2/105. The major causes of death were malignant neoplasm, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory disease, altogether accounting for 71.46% of all causes of death. Statistically significant mortality excesses for lung cancer, asbestosis, pulmonary heart diseases and respiratory disease were observed compared with national urban residents. The mortality of dust - exposed workers was higher than that of non dust - exposed workers. Conclusion The mortality of chrysotile asbestos miners is higher than the national average level of urban residents. Exposure to chrysotile is a risk factor for lung cancer, asbestosis, monary heart diseases and respiratory disease.

关 键 词：温石棉 队列研究 死因分析 标化死亡比 

分 类 号：R195.3[医药卫生—卫生统计学]