高寒山区采矿迹地植被恢复研究  

Research on Vegetation Restoration of Abandoned Mine Land in Alpine Areas

作　　者：谷金锋[1,2] 蔡体久[1] 杨业[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江科技大学,哈尔滨150022

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第3期29-36,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：黑龙江省科技攻关项目"采矿迹地生态修复技术研究与示范"(GA09B201-04)

摘　　要：以漠河县胭脂沟金矿和古莲河露天煤矿为例对高寒山区典型采矿迹地进行植被恢复研究。通过对两处采矿迹地进行本底调查、基质重构、整地和植被恢复模式设计与试验,结果表明,金矿尾矿库经多次筛淘,细颗粒沙土已经被洗尽,土壤偏酸性,有机质、全N、全P、速效P、全K和速效K含量很低,而Pb、Cu和Zn 3种重金属含量均较高,植被很难存活、生长,覆盖度不足30%,但通过基质重构、客土改良后采用樟子松、落叶松、柳树、沙棘、丁香和紫花苜蓿进行植被恢复效果较好,成活率均可达85%以上,可使土壤养分含量提高最大可达:有机质为236.6%,全N为50.0%,全P为64.7%,速效P为12.9%,全K为14.4%,速效K为20.0%;同时可使重金属含量降低最大可达:Mn为2.5%,Pb为15.2%,Cu为10.8%,Zn为4.1%;露天煤矿排土场的土壤条件稍好些,有机质、全N、全P、速效P、全K和速效K含量较金矿尾矿库要高,土壤的酸性较强,自然恢复植被覆盖度不足50%,但通过对排土场进行边坡和稳定性处理后,进行覆土,再客土栽植沙棘、樟子松、落叶松、白桦恢复效果较好,成活率可达80%以上,可使土壤养分含量提高最大可达:有机质为152.5%,全N为46.7%,全P为42.9%,全K为25.5%,速效K为46.2%,同时可使重金属含量降低最大可达:Mn为0.8%,Pb为21.9%,Cu为12.0%,Zn为7.7%。The vegetation restoration of typical abandoned mine land in alpine areas with rouge ditch gold mine and Gulian river open coal mine of Mohe county were studied. Through the background investigation and matrix reconstruction and soil preparation and vegetation restoration model design and experiment, the results showed that the tiny sand in abandoned gold mine land had been washed out after washed many times, and the soil was partial acid, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium were very low, however, the contents of Pb, Cu and Zn were higher, these made the vegetation coverage less than 30 % because it was hard to survival and growth on abandoned gold mine land. But it would be recovered very well through the matrix reconstruction and replaced soil with Pinus sylvestris L. var. rnongolica Litv. , Larix gmelini （Rupr.） Rupr. , Salix hsinganica Chang et Sky. and Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. , Syringa oblata Lindl. and Medicago sativa L. , the survival rate could reach more than 85%, these plants could make soil organic matter content, total N, total P, available P, total K and available K increased by 236.6%, 50.0%, 64.7%, 12.9%, 14.4% and 20.0%, respectively. At the same time they could make Mn, Pb, Cu and Zn reduced by 2. 5%, 15. 2%, 10. 8% and 4. 1%, respectively. The soil on abandoned open coal mine land was better than that on abandoned gold mine, the contents of soil organic matter, total N, total P, available P, total K and available K were higher than those on abandoned gold mine, the acidity of soil was stronger, the vegetation coverage was less than 50 %, but it would be recovered very well with Hippophae rharnnoides Linn. , Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. , Larix gmelini （Rupr.） Rupr. and Betula platyphylla Suk.. Through improved the slope and stability and covered the soil and replaced soil, the survival rate could reach more than 80 %, these plants could make soilorganic matter content, total N,

关 键 词：高寒山区 采矿迹地 植被恢复 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学] S714