近地表风沙流结构对过渡带不同下垫面的响应  

Near-surface Sand Flux Structure Responses to Different Underlying Surface in Oasis-desert Ecotone

作　　者：王翠[1,2,3] 李生宇[1] 雷加强[1,3] 毛东雷[1,3] 周杰[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆交通科学研究院干旱荒漠区公路工程技术交通行业重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆策勒848300

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第3期52-56,71,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项"风沙灾害对绿洲农业的影响与评估技术"(GYHY201106025)

摘　　要：在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲—沙漠过渡上选取流动沙地、半流动沙地和固定沙地3个典型下垫面,利用梯度集沙仪测定其近地表10cm的风沙流结构。结果表明,流动沙地地表0~1cm的沙粒百分含量随着风速的增大而减小;2~10cm的沙通量随着风速的增大其百分含量增加,1~2cm的沙通量存在一个稳定层,幂函数、指数函数和对数函数均能较好地反映其沙通量垂直分布特征,并可以利用风沙流结构来判定地表的蚀积状况;半固定和固定沙地地表由于受到植被盖度影响,其风沙流结构特征表现为近地表0~1cm沙通量较流动沙地少,2~10cm的沙通量百分含量较多,且每层沙通量与风速的相关性较差,稳定层在植被盖度的扰动下抬高或者消失,对数函数能较好地反映其风沙流结构特征,地表蚀积状况不可用现存风沙流结构地表蚀积公式来判定。Selecting mobile sand land, semi-mobile sand land and fixed sand land in Cele oasis-desert ecotone of Taklimakan desert, the sand flux structure of 0-10 cm nearing sand land surface was measured by sand trapper, this experiment had an important significance for wind-blown activity in different underlying surface. The results were as follows： The percentage content of sand near sand land surface 0 - 1 cm decreased with increasing wind speed, at the same time, the percentage content of sand dust flux at the height of 2-10 cm decreased with increase of wind speed. The sand dust flux at the height of 1-2 cm was stable. The vertical distribution characters of sand dust flux could be described by power function, exponential power and logarithmic function and the sand flow structure was used to estimate the soil surface erosion. Because of vegetation coverage, the sand dust flux was less at the height of 0-1 cm, while that was more at the height of 2-10 cm in semi-mobile sand land and fixed sand land, compared with mobile sand land. There was a poor correlation between sand dust flux and wind speed and the stability layer rose or disappeared in semi-mobile sand land and fixed sand land. The sand flux structure could be described by logarithmic function and the existing erosion formula was not used to estimate the soil surface erosion.

关 键 词：风沙流结构 稳定层 垂直分布函数 策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带 

分 类 号：P737.1[天文地球—海洋地质] S157.1[天文地球—海洋科学]