砾石覆盖对坡面产流产沙的影响  

Effect of Gravel-sand Muchling on Slope Runoff and Sediment Yield

作　　者：梁洪儒 余新晓[1] 樊登星[1] 孙佳美[1] 常玉[1] 李瀚之 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第3期57-61,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项项目(20130430104)

摘　　要：采用人工模拟降雨试验的方法,试验中设置降雨强度为30mm/h和60mm/h,坡度为10°和20°,地表砾石覆盖度为0,10%,20%,30%,40%和50%,对北京山区褐土坡面产流产沙特征进行研究。研究结果表明:(1)坡面产流时间随砾石覆盖度的增大而延迟,且两者有着较好的线性关系。(2)坡面总产流量随砾石覆盖度的增大呈线性减小,在雨强为30mm/h,坡度为10°和20°条件下,砾石覆盖度为50%的坡面总产流量比砾石覆盖度为0时的坡面产流总量减少45.19%和49.87%;在雨强为60mm/h时,坡度为10°和20°条件下,砾石覆盖度为50%的坡面总产流量比砾石覆盖度为0时的坡面产流总量减少24.33%和33.46%。(3)坡面土壤侵蚀量随砾石覆盖度的增加呈负指数减小,在雨强为30mm/h,坡度为10°和20°条件下,砾石覆盖度为50%的坡面总侵蚀量比砾石覆盖度为0的坡面总侵蚀量减少92.40%和68.21%;在雨强为60mm/h时,坡度为10°和20°条件下,砾石覆盖度为50%的坡面总产流量比砾石覆盖度为0时的坡面总侵蚀量减少69.65%和65.62%。(4)降雨强度和坡度不影响砾石覆盖影响坡面产流产沙的趋势。The characteristics of slope runoff and sediment of cinnamon soil in Beijing mountain area by artificial simulation of rainfall device was studied. Two rainfall intensities（30 mm/h, 60 mm/h）, two slopes （10°, 20°） and six levels of gravel-sand cover（0, 10%, 20%, 30% , 40% and 50%） were included in this study. The results showed that： （1）Gravel-sand cover could delay the runoff time and they had a good linear relationship. （2）The total runoff decreased linearly with the increase of gravel-sand cover. When the rainfall intensity was 30 mm/h, whether the slope was 10° or 20°, the total runoff under 50% of gravel-sand coverage condition all reduced by 45.19% and 49.87% respectively compared with that under no gravel-sand coverage condition. When the rainfall intensity was 60 mm/h, whether the slope was 10° or 20°, the total runoff under 50% of gravel-sand coverage condition all reduced by 24. 33% and 33. 46% respectively compared with that under no gravel-sand coverage condition. （3）The amount of slope soil erosion decreased with increasing gravel-sand cover in negative exponential form. When the rainfall intensity was 30 mm/h, whether the slope was 10° or 20°, the amount of slope soil erosion under 50% of gravel-sand coverage condition all reduced by 92.40% and 68.21% respectively compared with that under no gravel-sand coverage condition. When the rainfall intensity was 60 mm/h, whether the slope was 10° or 20°, the amount of slope soil erosion under 50% of gravel-sand coverage condition all reduced by 69.65% and 65. 62% respectively compared with that under no gravel-sand coverage condition. （4） Rainfall intensity and slope did not have effects on the trend of slope runoff and sediment influenced by gravel-sand muchling.

关 键 词：砾石覆盖 产流时间 坡面产流量 坡面产沙量 模拟降雨 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]