不同土石比例弃土堆置体产流产沙模拟研究  

Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling of Spoilbank with Different Soil-stone Ratio

作　　者：景民晓[1] 谢永生[1,2] 李文华[3] 陈磊[2] 田飞[1] 刘楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国石油长庆油田分公司,西安710018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第3期78-82,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项"工程开挖面与堆积体水土流失测算技术研究"(201201048);"风力作用下扰动地表侵蚀预报关键技术研究"项目(201201047);国家科技支撑计划项目"农田水土保持工程与耕作关键技术研究"(2011BAD31B01)

摘　　要：根据对野外弃土堆置体的调查结果,以前期概化的散乱锥状堆置体为研究对象,采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究4种土石比例弃土堆置体在4种不同降雨强度下的产流产沙特征。结果表明:各土石比例弃土堆置体的径流率随降雨时间呈波动式增大,侵蚀速率随降雨时间呈稳定、波动2种变化趋势;平均径流率、平均侵蚀速率与降雨强度呈线性关系。在相同降雨强度下,平均径流率和平均侵蚀速率均随含石量的增大而减小。总产沙量与总径流量呈线性关系。在相同降雨强度下,随着砾石含量的增大,弃土堆置体的总径流量和总产沙量减小。在降雨强度为2.5mm/min条件下,土石比例为9∶1,8∶2,7∶3弃土堆置体的总产沙量与纯土堆置体相比分别减少了29%,41%,42%。According to the investigation results of spoilhank in the field, the type of scattered conical spoilbank was selected as research object based on previous research generalization. Then, the runoff and sediment characteristics of four different soil-stone ratio spoilbanks under four different rainfall intensities was studied by indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments. The results showed that the runoff rate of spoilbanks with different soil-stone ratio increased in a fluctuating tendency with rainfall time, while the erosion rate appeared in two types, which were stability and fluctuation. Rainfall intensity had a linear function relation with average runoff rate and average erosion rate. With the increase of gravel content, average runoff rate and average erosion rate decreased in the same rainfall intensity. Total sediment yield had a linear function with runoff volume. In the same rainfall intensity, with the increase of gravel content, the total sediment yield and runoff volume decreased correspondingly. Under the rainfall intensity 2.5 ram/rain, compared with soil spoilbank, the total sediment yield of soil-stone ratio with 9 ： 1, 8 ： 2, 7 ：3 decreased by 29%, 41%, 42%, respectively.

关 键 词：弃土堆置体 模拟降雨 径流 产沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]