施氮对紫色土交换性酸及盐基饱和度的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Exchangeable Acidity and Base Saturation in Purple Soil

作　　者：汪文强[1] 王子芳[1] 高明[1] 黄利玲 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]淮北市杜集区安全生产监督管理局,安徽淮北235037

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第3期138-142,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD141318)

摘　　要：通过土柱淋溶模拟试验研究不同氮肥种类及施用水平对紫色土交换性酸(EA)和盐基饱和度(BS)的影响。结果表明:(1)经施氮淋溶后紫色土pH下降,且与施氮量成反比,同一施氮水平下,土壤pH下降表现为硫铵>硝铵>尿素。(2)施用不同种类氮肥,土壤交换性H+和交换性Al 3+的含量不同,同一施氮水平下,表现为硫铵>硝铵>尿素,且与施氮量呈正相关。(3)土壤中交换性H+和交换性Al 3+均随着交换酸总量的增加而增加。在施用尿素和硝铵时,土壤交换性酸主要由交换性Al 3+决定;而施用硫铵时,则由交换性H+和交换性Al 3+共同决定。(4)施氮后土壤交换性盐基总量较原土降低,其含量表现为Ca2+>Mg2+>K+>Na+;盐基饱和度亦下降,且与施氮量呈负相关,在同一施氮水平上,不同氮肥表现为尿素<硝铵<硫铵。(5)紫色土pH随交换性酸(EA)的升高而降低,随交换性盐基(EB)总量的增加而升高,其中EA对pH的变化起主导作用。The factors including different application levels of nitrogen fertilizer and different types of nitrogen fertilizer that influenced the exchangeable acidity（gA） of purple soil and base saturation（BS） were studied through soil column leaching simulations. Results showed that： （1）The pH of purple soil decreased through the leaching of nitrogen fertilizer and the pH and levels of nitrogen fertilizer were inverse ratio. Moreover, the decrease of pH manifested as thiamine 〉nitramine 〉urea under the same nitrogen rate. （2）The content of exchangeable H＋ and exchangeable Al3＋ changed with the types of nitrogen fertilizer, and the decrease of pH manifested as thiamine 〉nitramine 〉urea under the same nitrogen rate, what＇s more, there was a positive correlation between the decrease of pH and the amount of nitrogen in the same application levels of nitrogen. （3）With the increase of exchangeable acidity, the content of exchangeable H＋ and Al3＋ increased. When applied urea and nitramine, the exchangeable acidity in soil mainly depended on exchangeable Al. While thiamine was used, the exchangeable acidity hinged on both exchangeable H＋ and Al3＋. （4）As applying nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of exchangeable bases in soil was lower than that in the original clays, the content was characterized by Ca2＋〉Mg2＋〉K＋〉Na＋, the base saturation decreased and there was a negative correlation between base saturation and the application content of nitrogen. When applied different types of nitrogen fertilizer under the same application levels of nitrogen, the regulation was urea 〈nitramine 〈thiamine. （5）For purple soil, the pH decreased while the EA increased, but the pH increased with the increase of exchangeable base eations（EB）, of the both, EA played a dominant part in the change of soil pH.

关 键 词：氮肥 紫色土 交换性酸 盐基饱和度 

分 类 号：S157.41[农业科学—土壤学] S153.61[农业科学—农业基础科学]