施磷对麦/玉/豆套作体系氮素利用效率及土壤硝态氮含量的影响  

Effect of Phosphorus on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Soil Nitrate Content of the Wheat/Maize/Soybean Relay-intercropping System

作　　者：陈远学[1] 周涛[1] 王科[1] 崔雅琪 张朝春[2] 徐开未[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,成都611130 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第3期191-196,208,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大国际(地方)合作项目(31210103906);国家现代农业玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-24)

摘　　要：在已连续2年（2011-2012年）小麦/玉米/大豆套作体系磷肥效应定位试验基础上,第3年（2013年）开展了不同施磷对该体系氮素吸收与利用效率及土壤硝态氮含量变化的影响研究。结果表明：（1）小麦、玉米、大豆的地上部干物质积累量及籽粒产量均随施磷或土壤磷含量的增加先增加后降低,体系周年总产量P2~P5处理比P1处理分别增加25.5%,31.9%,43.8%,18.3%。（2）施磷明显增加作物地上部氮素积累量,提高作物的氮素吸收利用率,但对3种作物氮素生理利用效率影响较小。体系籽粒氮积累量P2~P5处理比P1处理分别增加33.5%,43.4%,56.1%,17.2%,体系的氮素偏生产力P1处理比P2~P5处理依次低20.0%,26.2%,32.5%,17.9%。（3）土壤硝态氮含量在各个磷处理间差异较小,由于植物地上部氮积累量的增加,3种作物收获期土壤硝态氮含量均处于较低水平。周年体系氮的施入与产出差值P1~P5处理分别为76.1,-18.2,-50.0,-77.7,15.7kg/hm2,除P1和P5处理外其他施磷处理的氮产出均大于氮投入,表明适量施磷能促进作物对氮的吸收,从而提高氮素利用效率。Based on the located phosphorus experiment on the wheat/maize/soybean relay-intercropping system for two consecutive years（2011--2012）, the third year（2013） which focused on the effect of different rates of phosphorus on N utilization efficiency of the system and soil nitrate content change was carried out. The results showed that. （1）Aboveground dry matter accumulation and grain yield of wheat, maize and soybean reduced after the firstly increased with increasing phosphorus application. Compared with P1 treatment, the total annual grain yield of the system in P2-P5 treatments increased by 25. 5%, 31. 9%, 43.8%, 18.3%, respectively. （2）Phosphorus application could significantly promote aboveground nitrogen accumulation, and enhance N utilization efficiency of crops, but less affect nitrogen physiological use efficiency of three crops. Compared with P2 treatment, grain N accumulation of the system in P2 -P5 treatments increased by 33.5%, 43.4%, 56.1%, 17.2%, respectively. While PFP-N of the system in P1 treatment was reduced by 20.0%, 26. 2%, 32. 5%, 17. 9%, respectively comparing with P2 -P5 treatments. （3）There was no remarked difference for soil nitrate content among the treatments, and soil nitrate content of three crops at harvest stage were at a relatively low level because of the increasing of aboveground N accumulation. The difference value between the N inputs and the N outputs in P1 -P5 treatments were 76. 1, -18. 2, -50. 0, -77.7, 15.7 kg/hm^2 , i.e. except for P1 and P5 treatments the N outputs was larger than the N inputs for P2 -P4 treatments. It showed that moderate phosphorus application could improve crops N uptake and therefore increase N use efficiency.

关 键 词：小麦 玉米 大豆 套作体系 磷 氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S143[农业科学—农业基础科学]