模拟条件下太湖直湖港地区桃园土壤不同施肥处理氮磷淋失特征  

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching of Peach Orchard in Zhihugang Region of Tai Lake with Different Fertilization Treatments Under Simulated Condition

作　　者：刘之广[1] 陈宝成[1] 张民[1] 李允聪 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院、土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室、国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心,山东泰安271018 [2]Department of Soil and WaterScience,Tropical Research and Education Center,University of Florida,Homestead,FL,USA 33031

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第3期227-231,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B01,2011BAD11B02);国家“948”重点项目(2011-G30);山东省自主创新成果转化重大专项(2012ZHZX1A0408)

摘　　要：采用土柱模拟淋溶的方法,根据太湖直湖港地区当地桃农习惯的施肥方式,通过减氮施肥、改施化肥或控释肥等措施,探讨在模拟灌溉和模拟降雨条件下不同施肥处理氮、磷淋失的特点。结果表明,各处理试验后期淋溶液pH差异不显著,但畜禽有机肥的施用减缓了淋溶液pH的升高。淋溶液的电导率,全氮浓度和可溶性磷浓度均在模拟灌溉期达到峰值,施用控释肥料的处理显著低于其他处理。不同施肥处理氮素的淋失量和淋失率有一定的差异性,其中农民习惯施肥处理(FFP)氮淋失率最高,为68.98%,施用控释肥处理(CRF)最低,仅为302.76g和24.46%。控释肥处理(CRF)和传统化肥处理(CF)淋失的氮以硝态氮为主,其他处理的氮主要以酰胺态氮或有机氮的形式淋失。施用畜禽有机肥料能显著增加淋溶液中的磷含量,其中农民习惯施肥处理(FFP)的全磷淋失率为施用控释肥处理(CRF)的16.73倍。太湖直湖港地区推广施用控释肥可明显降低氮磷淋失量,减少施肥对地下水质的影响。Soil column studies were conducted with peach orchard soil from Zhihugang region of Tai lake to assess the effects of different fertilization treatments following local farmers＇ fertilization practice on nitrogen （N） and phosphorus（P） leaching. The result indicated that： There was no significant difference in pH values in leachate of different treatments after late stage of experiment, but the pH value in leachate of two organic fertilizer （made from digested livestock manure） treatments were lower than other treatments during prophase. The peaks of electrical conductivity（EC）, total nitrogen, and water-soluble phosphorus concentration in leachate were occurred on the simulated irrigation period, and that of treatments treated by controlled release fertilizer（CRF） were lower than other treatments. The rate of N loss of farmers＇ fertilization practice（FFP） was highest among other treatments as 68. 98%, and that of treatments treated with controlled released fertilizer were significantly lower than other treatments, the lowest of that was 24.46 %. The forms of N in leachate were mainly nitrate for CRF and common fertilizer（CF） treatment, and amide-nitrogen or organic nitrogen for other treatments. Compared with other no-organic fertilizer treatments, adding organic fertilizer significantly increased the total phosphorus leaching amount and water-soluble phosphorus concentration. Total phosphorus loss from the treatment of farmer＇s traditional fertilization was 16.73 times of that from the CRF treatment. The promotion of CRF in Zhihugang Region of Tai lake could decrease leaching loss of N and P, and reduce pollution of ground water.

关 键 词：控释肥 有机肥 桃园土壤 淋溶 氮 磷 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学] S143.6[农业科学—园艺学]