中国垂乳银杏种质资源及生物学特性分析  

The Germ Plasma Resources and Biological Characteristics Analysis of Chinese Chichied Ginkgo

作　　者：刘晓静[1] 付兆军[1] 邢世岩[1] 李际红[1] 吴岐奎[1] 辛红[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2014年第3期12-18,共7页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD21B04)资助;山东省农业良种工程重大课题(201107;201301)资助

摘　　要：通过对中国垂乳银杏资源及分布特点、数量与生境的关系、生长特性和再生特性调查分析，结果表明，我国垂乳银杏不少于348株，主要分布在19个省份，西南地区的贵州、云南、四川和重庆共236株，占67.82％，其中雌株271株，占80.18％。树高一般为10～40 m，胸径为1.0～3.0 m，年龄为100～2000 a，平均冠幅为10～30 m。垂乳呈圆锥状悬垂于树枝、树干或基部，垂直向下生长，顶端被树皮覆盖，初生垂乳多呈黄褐色，中生垂乳渐变为银灰色，成熟后则呈暗灰色，垂乳按着生位置分为枝生垂乳、干生垂乳和基生垂乳，其被切割后，可以再生大量的新生垂乳；银杏垂乳发生需要一定的年降水量和年均日照时数。This paper made chichied ginkgo as research material,mainly researched on its characteristics of distribution,growth,and regeneration,besides,the relationship between chichied ginkgo and habitat.The results showed that,there were more than 348 plants of chichied ginkgoes in our country,which mainly distributed in 19 provinces and 236 （67.82% of the total）plants of them were in southwestern China areas,including Guizhou, Yunnan,Sichuan and Chongqing.There were 271 plants were female,which accounted for 80.18%of total.The height of chichied ginkgo was 10-40 m,DBH was 1.0-3.0 m,ages were 100-2 000 years,and the crown di-ameter was around 10 -30 m.The chichi overhangs the tree branch,tree trunk or the base of the tree in cone shape,grows vertical downward and the top of the tree was covered by tree bark.Most of the young chichi ginkgoes were yellow-brown color,and then gradually changed to silver gray,finally became dark gray when they were ma-tured.Chichi could be divided into branch chichi,trunk chichi and base chichi according to its insertion position. The chichi ginkgo could be regenerated in large quantities after it was cut down.However,chichi ginkgo only hap-pens on a certain annual precipitation and sunshine hours.

关 键 词：垂乳银杏 种质资源 分布特点 生物学特性 形态特征 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]