基于分期播种的气候变暖对东北春玉米生长发育与产量的影响研究  

Effects of Climate Change on Spring Maize Growth and Yield Based on Stage Sowing Methods

作　　者：王培娟[1] 梁宏[2] 白月明[1] 李祎君 张佳华[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081 [3]国家气象中心,北京100081 [4]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第18期71-78,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"典型脆弱生态系统的适应技术体系研究"(2010CB951304);"全球变化影响下主要作物的脆弱性及评价指标"(2010CB951302);国家自然科学基金"星-地联合的冬小麦区域干旱监测方法研究"(41371410);"复杂地表条件下PAR和FPAR多尺度计算机模拟与应用研究"(41071224);中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金"基于双源模型的冬小麦实际蒸散遥感估算研究"(2013Y006)

摘　　要：为揭示东北春玉米对未来气候变化的响应程度,提出切实可行的适应对策,分析以东北地区北部哈尔滨地区主栽春玉米‘久龙8号’（中晚熟品种）和东北地区南部锦州地区主栽春玉米‘农华101’（晚熟品种）为试验品种,开展分期播种试验;同时以‘久龙8号’为例,进行春玉米适应未来气候的地理分期播种试验。分期播种试验以当地正常播种期为对照,研究播种期分别推迟10天和20天情景下,不同熟性春玉米品种的响应情况;地理分期播种试验以哈尔滨当地正常播种期为对照（CK）,同时设计3个未来气候变暖情景（CW1—CW3）,通过对3个未来气候变暖情景与对照情景的对比,分析气候变化对东北春玉米生长发育状况和产量构成要素的影响。结果表明,推迟播种日期10天以上,对哈尔滨地区春玉米生长不利,对锦州地区无明显影响;若保持当前春玉米品种不变,东北春玉米发育期在不同气候变暖情景下,均表现出缩短趋势,缩短时间为12-20天不等;百粒重和单产则表现为增产的趋势,增产83~188g/m2,增产幅度为9.85%~22.36%。Aiming to research the spring maize adaptation in Northeast China to climate change and provide feasible strategies to government, in this paper, two sowing experiments, including stage sowing and geographical-stage sowing, were performed. Two experimental stations, Harbin in northern region of Northeast China and Jinzhou in southern region of Northeast China, are selected to carry out the stage sowing experiments. Two predominated varieties of spring maize, ‘ Jiulong 8＇ in Harbin and ＇ Nonghua 101＇ in Jinzou, are selected to plant in these two stations, respectively. Meanwhile, the geographical-stage sowing experiment was performed in Harbin and Jinzhou simultaneously with the spring maize of ＇Jiulong 8＇. In the stage sowing experiment, normal sowing date was designed as CK in both two experimental stations, and other two plans were done with later sowing dates by 10 days and 20 days, respectively. While in the geographical-stage sowing experiment, normal sowing date in Harbin was selected as CK, and other three plans were performed with earlier or later sowing dates in Jinzhou site to represent future climate warming situations, expressed as CW1-CW3. Compared between CK and CW1-CW3, the impacts of climate warming on growth condition and yield of spring maize are studied. The results show that it is not good for spring maize in Harbin site if the sowing date is much later than normal. However it has no obvious impacts in Jinzhou site. If keeping the present variety, growth periods of spring maize are shortened under all three climate warming situations compared with CK. The shorten days are from 12 days to 20 days among three climate wanning situations. The increasing trends are shown in 100-kernel weight and yield in all designed future climate warming situations, with the increase of 83-188 g/m^2.

关 键 词：分期播种法 地理分期播种法 气候变化 东北地区 春玉米 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]