谷林套播下不同共生期对稻田三熟制油菜生长规律和产量的影响  

Effect of Symbiosis Period on Growth Regularity and Yield of Rapeseed Undersowing Rice of the Mode of Rapeseed-early Season Rice-late Season Rice

作　　者：郑伟[1] 肖国滨[1] 陈明[1] 李钟平[1] 黄天宝[1] 肖小军[1] 李亚贞[1] 刘小三[1] 张昆[1] 叶川[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所,国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业部江西耕地保育科学观测实验站,江西进贤331717

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第18期156-160,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目"油菜高效简化施肥技术研究"(2010BAD01B05-07);省科技支撑计划项目"二晚水稻套直播油菜研究与示范"(20121BBF60016)

摘　　要：为了确保江西三熟制稻田的三熟高产和克服季节矛盾,在江西双季稻区进行套播油菜共生期试验,设置与水稻共生期分别为10天（D10）、5天（D5）、0天（D0,CK）,调查油菜生长及产量形成,为研究稻田三熟制谷林套播油菜简化栽培技术提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）处理D5、D10与CK油菜成熟期基本一致,但油菜营养生长期分别延长5天和7天,有利于前期营养物质的累积,为最终取得高产奠定基础。（2）共生期延长有利于提高油菜出苗期密度,但其他生育期密度降幅随着共生期延长而增加,导致成苗率和成株率随着共生期延长而下降,成熟期处理D5密度最大、CK次之、D10最小,分别为42.35万株/hm^2、40.02万株/hm^2、36.68万株/hm^2。（3）共生期影响着油菜各期生长状况和产量结构,延长共生期有利于油菜个体生长发育及单株产量形成,但群体产量以处理D5最大、D10次之、CK最小,分别为1564.12 kg/hm^2、1430.72 kg/hm^2、1402.37 kg/hm^2,在单株产量不足的情况下,可以通过适当增加密度来弥补,从而提高群体产量。根据以上结果,建议本区域内稻田三熟制套播油菜共生期以5-10天为宜,5天为佳,在适宜范围内尽可能早播。In order to ensure the high yield of the mode of rapeseed-early season rice-late season rice ana overcome season contradiction of the rapeseed-early season rice-late season rice cropping system in Jiangxi Province. To explore the growth and yield affected by different symbiosis period, the experiment was carried out in double cropping rice area of Jiangxi. Setting symbiosis period of rapeseed-rice were 10 d （D10）, 5 d （D5）, 0 d （Do, CK）. The results showed that：（1） the D5, D10 treatments were basically identical with the maturity period of CK, but increased 5-7 days from the seedling stage to the budding stage, and extended the nutrition growth period of rapeseed, which was effective for nutrient accumulation at former stage, eventually laid the ground for achieving high yield. （2）The rapeseed undersowing rice was favorable for improving the density at the seedling stage, but the density at the other growth stages decreased with extension ol symbiosis penou, resumng m me seedling rate and plant rate of rapeseed decreased with extension of symbiosis period, the density of I）5 treatment was biggest, followed by CK treatment, D10 treatment has the least density, 42.35 × 10^4 plants/hm^2, 40.02×10^4 plants/hm^2 and 36.68× 10^4 plants/hm^2 respectively. （3）The symbiosis time influenced the growth and development at each period, it was favorable for ontogeny and yield per plant when symbiosis time delayed, but the yield of D5 treatment was highest, followed by D10 treatment, CK treatment had the lowest yield, 1564.12 kg/hm^2, 1430.72 kg/hm^2, 1402.37 kg/hm^2, respectively. According to the results, suggest a favorable condition of 5 to 10 days symbiosis period of rapeseed-rice for getting higher yield undersowing rice of the mode of rapeseedearly season rice-late season rice, 5 days was best, should sow in suitable symbiosis as early as possible.

关 键 词：谷林套播 共生期 稻田三熟制 油菜 生长规律 产量 

分 类 号：S5[农业科学—作物学]