生物群落β多样性量化水平及其评价方法  

Study on Community β Diversity Quantification Structures and Its Measurements

作　　者：张立敏[1,2] 高鑫[2] 董坤[3] 陈斌[1] 李正跃[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学基础与信息工程学院,云南昆明650201 [3]云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第4期578-585,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家基础研究计划(973)项目(2011CB100404);国家自然科学基金项目(31160363);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2012Y366);云南省自然科学基金项目(2011FB051)

摘　　要：群落物种组成的时空变化(β多样性)是自然界最基本和最显著的特征之一,客观描述群落组成及其变化是群落生态学基础研究中的重要内容,也是理解生态系统功能、实施生物多样性保护和生态系统管理的前提。本文根据前人研究,简析了生物群落物种多样性数量结构,进一步明确β多样性的量化含义,归纳和对比了3类β多样性指标,综合对比结果表明:(1)基于α多样性的β多样性指标代表了经典群落β多样性含义,计算简洁,但未考虑群落组成结构,且不能进一步解释群落结构变化的原因;(2)基于相似性指数的β多样性指标直观地表述了群落结构的变化幅度,并为β多样性维持机制研究提供了重要的量化基础,是目前应用最普遍的β多样性评价方法;(3)基于模型的β多样性参数可综合时空动态信息描述群落的组成及变化,其将是群落多样性研究的一个重要发展方向,但鉴于实践的困难目前研究较有限。Spatial-temporal variation in species composition （beta diversity） is one of the most fundamental and conspicuous features of the natural world.Measurement of this variation is one of the most basic researches in community ecology.These measures are applied to set conservation priorities or evaluating regional conservation plan,and to study the homogenizing or diversifying effects of human activities,natural disturbances,or spatial variability of environmental conditions.But the indistinct quantification structures and various measurements blocked the application of beta diversity into practice.Thus,we firstly reviewed the concept and quantitative structure of beta diversity to make clear three levels in beta diversity measures.Secondly,reviewed common used beta diversity indexes and corresponding ecology meaning and conclude three types of beta diversity measures：（1） The classical beta diversity indexes are based on alpha diversity measures.This type of index is easier to calculate,but it is impossible to measure the variation of community compositions,nor to explain the dynamics of the changes in community composition.（2） The beta diversity based on similarities and dissimilarities are the measures to analyze and explain the variation of community compositions.It is the most often used beta diversity indexes and the base of study on mechanism of community dynamic.（3） The beta diversity based on dynamics models is a comprehensive measurement with different space-time information,and it would be the focus of future beta diversity research with the development of computer science and ecology theory.

关 键 词：生物多样性 物种多样性 β多样性指数 评价方法 物种相似性指数 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]