阴离子型聚氨酯制备石蜡乳液的研究  

A Study on the Preparation of Paraffin Emulsions by Anionic Polyurethanes

作　　者：刘尧[1] 魏燕彦[1] 孔维良[1] 宗成中[1] 

机构地区：[1]橡塑材料教育部重点实验室,青岛科技大学,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《高校化学工程学报》2014年第3期612-617,共6页Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51103078);青岛市科技计划基础研究项目(13-1-4-244-jch)

摘　　要：为了获得不含小分子乳化剂的石蜡乳液，合成了一组不同结构的阴离子型聚氨酯，考察了其乳化能力，并用阴离子型聚氨酯制备出稳定的石蜡/正十八烷乳液。用红外光谱（FT-IR）和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）表征了聚氨酯的分子结构，对石蜡乳化过程的电导率进行跟踪，研究了聚氨酯分子结构和用量对乳液粒径和乳液稳定性的影响。研究发现：亚硫酸氢钠封端的聚氨酯乳化过程中的电导率远大于甲乙酮肟和甲醇封端的聚氨酯，其乳液稳定性较差。当聚氨酯含量小于30%（wt）时，只用实验合成的聚氨酯无法得到稳定的石蜡乳液。研究得到甲乙酮肟封端聚氨酯制备的石蜡乳液稳定性最佳，其石蜡乳液平均粒径为300~500 nm。In order to obtain paraffin emulsions without small molecular emulsifiers, a series of anionic polyurethanes with different molecular structures were synthesized and their emulsifying abilities were investigated. Stable paraffin emulsions prepared by these anionic polyurethanes were prepared. Fourier transform infrared spectra （FT-IR） and gel permeation chromatography （GPC） were used to characterize the molecular structure of the polyurethanes prepared. The conductivity of paraffin during emulsification was detected. Effects of molecular structure and dosage on particle sizes and emulsion stability were also studied. The results show that the sodium bisulfite terminated polyurethane has a higher conductivity but lower emulsion stabilities than methyl ethyl ketoxime（MEKO） and methanol terminated polyurethanes. When the dosage of polyurethane was less than 30%（wt）, paraffin emulsions prepared were not stable. The paraffin emulsions with the best stability were those prepared by MEKO terminated polyurethane, with mean particle sizes of 300~500 nm.

关 键 词：石蜡乳液 阴离子型聚氨酯 石蜡 正十八烷 

分 类 号：TQ64[化学工程—精细化工]