匹配能力、市场规模与电子市场的效率——长尾与搜索的均衡  

Matching Capacity,Market Scale and Efficiency of the Electronic Market:Equilibrium Between Long Tail and Searching

作　　者：黄浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社科院财经战略研究院信息服务与电子商务研究室

出　　处：《经济研究》2014年第7期165-175,共11页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(10CGL078)和国家社科基金青年项目(13CJL046)的资助

摘　　要：基于搜寻理论,本文引入匹配概率密度函数,构建了包括匹配能力、市场规模和电子市场效率三个变量的理论模型。分别刻画了匹配能力和市场规模对于电子市场效率的影响,以及匹配能力与市场规模之间的关系。研究发现:(1)电子市场的搜索活动通过扩大市场规模,增加竞争的有效范围实现市场效率的提高,它体现了"活跃效应"。另一方面,搜索活动通过改变交易机会的分布函数,提高匹配效率,减少信息不对称,实现电子市场效率的提高;(2)电子市场在搜索能力上的优势会导致它侵占其它电子市场的效率空间,体现了电子市场的"挤出效应";(3)电子市场的聚集规模对于匹配能力具有负外部性,同时,匹配能力又决定着最优的电子市场规模。因此,电子市场能够实现的最大效率是匹配能力与市场规模均衡的结果。与传统基于价格研究市场效率的方法不同,本研究力图通过匹配能力和市场规模揭示电子市场效率的形成机制,丰富了电子市场的经济理论,对于商业实践具有指导作用。Base on theory of search, this paper introduces probability density function to construct a three-variety model including matching capacity, market scale and efficiency of electronic. For understanding action mechanism of electronic market, this model depicts influences that matching capacity, market scale impose on efficiency of electronic market, and relation between matching capacity and market scale. This research shows that： （ 1 ） On one hand, searching improves efficiency of electronic market by enlarging market scale and increases effective range of market competition. It embodies effect of activity; On the other hand, searching can change distribution function of transaction opportunities, and reduce unsymmetrical information so as to improve efficiency of electronic market. （2） Comparative advantage of electronic market in matching capacity will lead it to occupy efficiency space of other electronic markets. It is embodiment of crowding-out effect. （3）The optimum market scale is determined by matching capacity which influenced by negative externality of market. So the maximum efficiency of electronic market is the equilibrium between matching capacity and market scale.

关 键 词：电子市场 搜寻理论 市场效率 负外部性 长尾市场 

分 类 号：F724.6[经济管理—产业经济]