凉山州医务人员艾滋病职业防护行为与职业暴露现状调查  

Occupational Exposure and Protective Behaviors on AIDS Among Medical Staff in Liangshan Prefecture

作　　者：赵光昱[1] 刘梅瑶 朱建军[1] 陈娟[1] 喻安云 吴雪[1] 沈娟[1] 邹红[1] 起建平 

机构地区：[1]凉山彝族自治州第一人民医院,四川西昌615000 [2]会理县人民医院

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2014年第5期395-399,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解凉山州医务人员艾滋病职业防护行为与职业暴露现状,为医务人员艾滋病职业防护提供科学依据。方法自制问卷,采用分层抽样的方法,对凉山州78家医疗机构调查当日在岗的医务人员进行现场问卷调查,回收问卷2525份。结果医务人员职业防护行为得分总得分为(34.96±12.23)分,得分高水平者占15.13%、中水平者占35.76%、低水平者占49.11%。学历、专业、既往接受过艾滋病相关知识培训、HIV职业暴露知识培训及接诊或护理过艾滋病患者/感染者是影响医务人员职业防护行为的主要原因(P<0.01);有64.3%的医务人员发生过锐器伤,52.77%的医务人员发生过皮肤黏膜污染。职业暴露在不同级别医院、不同专业和科室、既往接受过艾滋病相关知识培训、HIV职业暴露知识培训及接诊或护理过艾滋病患者/感染者的医务人员之间比较有统计学意义(P<0.01);其中锐器伤在二级乙等医院发生率最高;护理专业锐器伤发生率高于其他专业;掰安瓿是医护人员发生锐器伤的首要因素;妇产科医护人员皮肤粘膜污染发生率最高。结论凉山州医务人员艾滋病职业防护行为总体处于中低水平,职业暴露发生率较高,职业防护状况较差,应加强医务人员艾滋病职业暴露知识和防护行为、防护技能的培训,并提供足够的防护用品,保障医务人员职业安全。Objective To explore the current status of occupational exposure and protection behaviors on AIDS among medical staff and to provide scientific references for AIDS prevention. Methods With investigator - designed questionnaires and stratified sampling method, field survey was carried out in staffs from 78 medical institutions in Liangshan, with 2 525 questionnaires collected. Results The average total score of the protection behavior was 34.96 ± 12. 23, with a distribution of high scores of 15.13% , medium scores of 35.76% and low scores of 49. I 1%. The major influencing factors of occupational protection behaviors were education levels, professions, training of AIDS - related knowledge, experiences of treating or nursing AIDS patients or HIV infected persons （ all P 〈 0. 01 ）. A proportion of 64. 3% of the medical staff was with a history of stab injure, 52. 77% with a contamination history of skin andmucous membrane. The degrees of occupational exposure showed statistical significance among different levels of hospitals, different professions or departments, medical staffs with different training histories on AIDSknowledge and occupational protection, and different treating or nursing experiences on AIDS patients or HIV infected persons （all P 〈0. 01 ）. The incidence of stab injures peaked in Grade B hospitals. Nurses had the highest incidence of stab injures. The stab injures were primarily caused by the procedure of breaking ampoules by hands. The highest incidence of skin and mucous membrane contamination was found in obstetrical and gynecological staff. Conclusion The occupational protective behaviors on AIDS among medical staff in Liangshan prefecture stays at a basically low -medium level. The occupational exposure is considerably high, while the status of occupational precaution is poor. Therefore, trainings of AIDS knowledge and occupational protection behaviors should be further enforced, and enough protective equipment should be supplied as well.

关 键 词：医务人员艾滋病职业暴露职业防护 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]