苯储罐区消防安全设计评价研究  

Fire-prevention safety assessment of the benzene storage tank

作　　者：陈堃[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民武装警察部队北京市消防总队培训基地,北京100025

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2014年第3期102-107,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：依据苯储罐区危险特性及超压引起火灾爆炸模式的特点,通过实例,对苯储罐区的危险特性及事故后果进行了分析,得出在外界环境温度不同的条件下所对应的火灾爆炸模式;依据规范,对其消防安全设计现状进行了分析和评价。针对苯储罐区在不同温度条件下引发的火灾爆炸灾害模式,利用冲击波超压伤害准则、TNT当量法、蒸气云爆炸模型、池火灾事故后果模型和碎片抛射模型,定量分析评估了储罐内部空间爆炸性混合物超压爆炸和因爆炸引发的蒸气云爆炸、池火灾的事故后果及碎片抛射事故后果。结果表明:苯储罐区发生蒸气云爆炸产生的危害最大,死亡半径、重伤半径及轻伤半径分别为90.72 m、159.16 m、308.38 m;其次是池火灾,死亡半径、重伤半径及轻伤半径分别为74.25 m、103.12 m、132.16 m;当储罐碎片抛射概率为0.001时,3种充装水平事故罐对应的距离分别为60 m、30 m、40m;给出了设置大流量固定式消防冷却水系统、点火源最小能量控制、提高储罐减压泄爆的能力、增加防火堤内固定灭火设施和拦网等应进一步加强的消防安全措施。Based on the study of the dangerous characteristic features and the different fire ＆ explosion modes caused by the benzene storage tanks, the paper has analyzed the hazards and fire explosion consequences. It is clear that high temperatures and great pressures should account for the happening of all the main fire explosion accidents. That is why we prefer to attribute all the fire explosion modes to the failure to control the environmental temperatures. In accordance with the state fire-control regulations, we have done fire control and safety analysis with the main focus on the control of benzene storage tanks. In proceeding with our investigation, our analysis and evaluation were mainly oriented to the trace of shock wave overpressure destruction and the combustion and explosion of the explosive mixtures in the upper space of the storage tank and the explosion of the spreading steam and vapor cloud and the pool fire flames by using the TNT equivalent method, the vapor cloud explosion, the pool fire and explosion fragment blasting, in addition to the basic parameters of benzene and storage tanks. We have also made a comparative analysis between the fire situation and the explosion modes of different damage radii. The results of our investigation and experiments reveal that the damage caused by the vapor cloud explosions in benzene storage tank has to be of the most serious and dangerous nature. The death radius, the severely damaged radius and the consequential minor damage radius should be equal to 90.72 m, 159.16 m and 308.38 m, respectively. The pool fire damage can be less dangerous than that brought about by the vapor cloud explosion. Therefore, the death radius, the severely damaged radius and the minor damaged radius should be equal to 74.25 m, 103.12 m and 132.16 m. In case when the flight probability of the fragments of the storage tank is 0.001, the distance of the fire accident storage tank at the three different filling levels should be 60 m, 30 m and 40 m, respectively. In accordance with the calc

关 键 词：安全工程 苯 储罐区 冲击波超压 蒸气云爆炸 池火 碎片 

分 类 号：X93[环境科学与工程—安全科学]