美国国防研发投资:战略、特点与启示  

United States Defense R&D Investment:Strategy,Characteristics and Enlightenments

作　　者：卢小高[1] 李湘黔[1] 黄朝峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]国防科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院,湖南长沙410073

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2014年第13期113-118,共6页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(11BJY134)

摘　　要：美国领先的军事技术和先进的武器装备与其国防研发投资紧密相关。美国在战略上高度重视研发投资对保持军事优势的作用,能够着眼于长远响应军事需求的变化,坚持均衡发展与重点投入相结合,通过建立军民一体化的研发体制保证研发投资的高效率。美国国防研发投资规模在长期内逐步增长,但在短期内存在一定的周期性。与其它国家相比,美国国防研发投资占国防费的比例较高。美国把对空军的研发投资摆在优先位置,而国防部本部的研发投资也日趋重要。从结构上看,美国对国防科技基础和产品开发的投资比例相对比较稳定,大致维持在1∶4左右。最后,从美国国防研发投资的战略和特点中得出了4点主要启示。America＇s leading military technology and advanced weaponry are closely related to its defense R＆D investments. Strategically,the United States attaches great importance to the R＆D investments to maintain military superiority,and can take a long-term perspective to response to the change of military requirements,and adhere to the combination of bal-anced developments and key inputs.The United States ensure the high efficiency of defense R＆D investment through the establishment of civil-military integration development system.The defense R＆D investment scale of the United States is increasing gradually in the long term,but in the short term there is a certain periodicity.Compared with other countries, the defense R＆D investment accounted for a higher proportion of America＇s defense expenditures.The United States place the R＆D investments on the air force in priority.The R＆D investment of defense-wide became more and more important. Look from the structure,the investment ratio that the United States put on defense science and technology and product de-velopment is relatively stable,roughly at around 1：4.We can draw four main enlightenments from the strategy and the characteristics of America＇s defense R＆D investment.

关 键 词：美国国防 国防研发 研发投资 

分 类 号：E712.39[军事—军事理论]