“弃老”风俗在中日文学中的表现及成因——以《爸爸爸》与《楢山节考》为例  

Causes and Performance of “Abandoning the Old” Customs in Japanese Literature——Casy Study of “Dad Dad” and “The Ballad of Narayama”

作　　者：李珂玮[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学文学院,辽宁大连116029 [2]大连大学师范学院,辽宁大连116622

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2014年第3期75-80,共6页Japanese Research

摘　　要："弃老"是中日两国共有的古老风俗,尽管与"敬老"的传统相悖,但确是两国漫长的农业文明社会中客观存在的一种文化现象。日本小说《楢山节考》与中国小说《爸爸爸》中关于"弃老"的故事均能在中日民间传说中找到故事原型。"弃老"风俗中,老人或是被家庭遗弃,或是为了家庭、种群的存续和繁衍主动放弃生命,这反映了家庭养老能力在残酷的现实生活面前显得弱不禁风。通过对故事原型以及小说文本的分析,分别从物质层面与精神层面挖掘"弃老"现象的深层原因,其根源在于物资匮乏和粮食短缺,此外还受制于村落共同体形成的集体无意识等因素。中日同为东亚国家,目前又是人口老龄化颇为严重的国家,探讨"弃老"风俗不仅具有文学价值,亦有一定的社会意义。“Abandoning the old” is an ancient Chinese and Japanese custom, although it is contrary to the tradition of“respect senior citizens”, it is an existing cultural phenomenon in the society with long agricultural civilization. In “The Ballad of Narayama” and Chinese novel “Dad Dad”, the prototype of “abandoning the old” story can be found in the Chinese and Japanese folklores. The “abandoning the old” custom, whether the elderly are abandoned by their families, or they themselves give up their lives for the survival and reproduction of the family, reflects the fragile ability of family pension in the face of the harsh reality of life. Through the analysis of stories prototype and the novels, we can excavated the underlying causes of “abandoning the old” phenomenon from the material and spiritual aspects, which are rooted in a shortage of supplies and food. In addition, it is also restricted to the collective unconsciousness of village community. China and Japan are both the East Asian countries, and aging population is a quite serious issue. Discussing “abandoning the old” custom not only has literary value, but also has some social significance.

关 键 词：“弃老” 原型 原因 启示 “abandoning old” 

分 类 号：I3[文学—其他各国文学]