模拟不同重力环境下步态运动的足底受力分析  

Gait analysis on plantar force under different simulated gravities

作　　者：谈诚[1] 夏永明 曹毅[1] 赵琦[1] 王慧娟[1] 李志利[1] 张剑锋[1] 王林杰[1] 陈晓萍[1] 万玉民[1] 王政[3] 严曲[3] 王春慧[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室,北京100094 [2]北京理工大学机械与车辆工程学院,北京100081 [3]中国航天员科研训练中心人因工程国防重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2014年第3期200-205,共6页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2011CB711000);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30970778);航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室研究基金资助项目(SMFA11B02;SMFA09A03);中国航天医学工程预先研究项目(2011SY5405002)

摘　　要：目的探索不同重力环境下人体行走和跑步时的足底受力特性。方法 7名健康成年男性受试者在垂直体位的减重跑台上分别在正常重力(1G),模拟火星重力(1/3 G)和模拟月球重力(1/6 G)环境下进行3、7和10 km/h的行走和跑步活动。使用F-scan鞋垫式足底压力测量系统对运动过程中的步态时相参数、力学参数及步态平衡性等指标进行分析。结果相同速度下,步态周期中的支撑相时间随重力下降有明显减少(P<0.01),摆动相时间则有显著增加(P<0.01)。随着速度增加,支撑相时间明显缩短(P<0.01),而摆动相基本不受影响(P>0.05)。最大足底受力、平均足底受力和受力积分随着重力下降有明显减少。正常重力环境下,步行速度增加可引起最大足底受力、平均受力明显增加以及受力积分显著减少(P<0.05);但在低重力环境下,足底受力变化并不显著(P>0.05)。左右垂直冲量比在不同重力环境之间差异显著(P<0.05),但时相对称性则并无明显差异。结论低重力环境下,足底受力和支撑相时间等维持骨骼和肌肉结构功能的指标均显著低于正常重力环境,提示在将来设计太空飞行中防护措施和锻炼处方时需要充分考虑这一因素,以维持航天员正常的骨骼和肌肉功能。Objective To investigate the plantar force characteristics during human walking and running under different gravity environment. Methods Seven healthy male volunteers walked and ran in vertical position on a weight-loss suspension treadmill under simulated Mars gravity （ 1/3 G） and lunar gravity （ 1/6 G）, and traditional earth gravity （ 1 G） respectively at three different velocities （3, 7 and 10 km/h）. During the exercise, parameters such as stance phase, plantar force, and gait balance in gait cycle were analyzed by using the F-scan insole pressure distribution measurement system. Results At the same velocity during a gait cycle, the contact phase was significantly shorter with the decrease of gravity, but the swing phase was significantly longer （ P 〈 0.01 ）. With the increase of velocity, the contact phase was obviously reduced （P 〈 0.01 ）, while the swing phase was unaffected （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The peak and average plantar force, force integrity were significantly reduced with the decrease of gravity. Under normal gravity, the increase of velocity could lead to an obvious increase in peak and average plantar force and an obvious decrease in force integrity. While under simulated lunar and Mars gravity, no significant changes were found in plantar force （ P 〉 0.05）. Under the three gravities, the ratio of vertical impact was quite different in between （P 〈 0.05 ）, but no significant difference was found in the phase symmetry index. Conclusions As compared to normal gravity environment, parameters benefiting for skeleton and muscle function such as plantar force and contact phase were found to be much smaller under low gravity environment, indicating the necessity of considering these factors when designing countermeasures or exercise prescriptions for space flight so as to sustain the astronaut＇ s normal function of skeleton and muscle.

关 键 词：模拟重力 足底受力 垂直冲量比 时相对称性 步态 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]