急诊科医院感染相关因素分析与管理对策  

Emergency hospital infection related factors and management strategies

作　　者：路欣妹[1] 初均晓 闫君国 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院急诊病房,北京100038 [2]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院急诊科,北京100038

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2014年第14期3542-3543,3551,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(200804221065)

摘　　要：目的探讨影响急诊科医院感染相关因素,并总结相应的管理对策,为医院感染的预防提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析2011年5月-2013年5月急诊科734例患者临床资料,调查发生医院感染例数,探讨影响医院感染的相关因素,根据影响因素提出对应的管理对策;采用SPSS13.0统计软件分析。结果调查的734例患者中有79例发生医院感染,感染率为10.76%;下呼吸道感染与泌尿生殖感染最多,分别占45.65%、28.26%;共分离出104株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌64株占61.54%,革兰阳性菌40株占38.46%;感染患者年龄30-40、41-60、〉61岁分别占4.91%、8.30%、20.83%;511例患者使用了〉1种抗菌药物,发生感染65例感染率12.72%,223例患者只使用1种抗菌药物,14例发生感染,感染率6.28%,使用〉1种与只使用1种抗菌药物比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论急诊科室由于患者多数病情危急,医院感染的危险因素较多,容易发生医院感染,医院要通过加强消毒工作、严格执行无菌操作等措施降低医院感染的发生率。OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of the emergency department of hospital infection factors, and concluded that the appropriate care measures for the prevention Of nosocomial infections provide a theoretical ba- sis. METHODS From May 2011 to May 2013, 734 cases of emergency department patients with clinical data were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the number of nosocomial infections, explore the related factors affecting hospital infections, according to factors corresponding nursing measures proposed. SPSS13. 0 soStware was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The survey of 734 patients, 79 patients with nosocomial infections, nosocomial infection rate 10.76 %; lower respiratory tract infections and genitourinary infections up, accounting for 45.65 %, 28.26%. A total of 104 isolated pathogen was found from 79 patients, among which gram-negative bacteria 64 strains, accounting for 61.54G and gram-positive bacteria 40 strains, accounting for 38.46%. Infection rate for the patients in 30-40 years old, 41-60 years old and 〉61years old were 4.91%, 8.30G and 20.83% ; there were 511 cases of patients with more than one antibiotic, infection 65 cases, the infection rate 12.72%, 223 cases of patients using only one antibiotic, 14 cases of infection, infection rate of 6.28%, and there was significant difference between the two groups（P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION Most patients in emergency department because of critical conditions, hospital risk factors for infection are more prone to infections, the hospital should strengthen disinfection work strictly aseptic and other measures to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.

关 键 词：医院感染 急诊科室 相关因素 管理对策 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]