海水养虾池的几种致病弧菌生态  

Vibrio ecology of penaeid in ponds

作　　者：倪纯治[1] 林燕顺[1] 叶德赞[1] 曾活水[1] 姚瑞梅[1] 顾静瑜 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,厦门361005

出　　处：《台湾海峡》1995年第1期73-79,共7页Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait

摘　　要：研究了对虾养成期中养殖海水和虾体中弧菌的数量变化、种类组成及其相关因素，初步探讨了弧菌数量与虾病的关系。结果表明，无论养殖水和虾作中弧菌检出率均为100％，养殖水中弧菌测值为2.3×102～4．9×105个／dm3，均值1．78×105个／dm3；虾体中弧菌数是4.4×102～2．9×106个／g，均值为2.9×104个／g。出现于虾体和养殖水中的弧菌有副溶血弧菌（Vibrioparahaemolyticus）、溶藻弧菌（Vibrioalginolyticus）、创伤弧菌（Vibriovulnificus）、河弧菌（Vibriofluvialis）和模拟弧菌（Vibriomimicus）．其中副溶血弧菌和溶藻弧菌是各地的优势种。检测期间，虾池水的生化和理化因素较稳定，对弧菌数量无明显影响。个别虾池出现虾病与弧菌数量较高有关。以分离菌株进行浸染试验的结果表明，副溶血弧菌和溶藻弧菌能使对虾出现与病虾同样的病症。The ecology of halophlilc Vibrio was investigated from July to October 1989 on fiveprawn ponds, in Xike Tong' an, from which water and the prawn samples were collectedevery month. Vihao numbers in the samples were measured with HMPN' method, and Vibriospecies identified with API 20E, the relationships among Vibrio, ehvironmental factors andshrimp diseases studied. The results demonstrated that maximum and minimum Vibrio cellnumbers were 4. 9× 105 ind. /dm3 and 2. 3 × 102 ind. /dm3 respectively with an average of 1, 78× 105 ind. /dm3 in The pond water, while the Vihao numbers in prawn ranged from 4. 4 × 102.to 2. 9 × 106 ind /g with a mean value of 2. 9 × 104 ind- /g. Five species of Vibrio-V.alginolyticus, V. parahaaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. fluvialis and V. mimicus were detectedin the pond water and the prawn body with V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus as thedominant species for all ponds. The biotic and physical-chemical factors, quite stable duringexperlments, had an influence upon Vibrio quantity. The prawn diseases appeared in one ortwo ponds, were related to high of numbers of Vibrio. Two strains V. alginolyticus and V.parahaemolyticus were isolated from shrimps. Infection experiments showed that the Vibriowere the cause of the disease.

关 键 词：弧菌 生态 虾病 海水养虾池 

分 类 号：S945.12[农业科学—水产养殖] S954.21[农业科学—水产科学]