应用^(15)N对棉田生态系统中氮素的吸收利用和去向的研究  

A Study on the Absorbing Utilization and Fate of N in the Ecosystem of Cotton Field by Using ^(15)N

作　　者：张美良[1] 吴建富[2] 刘经荣[2] 郭成志[3] 邱才飞[4] 占子勇 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330045 [3]江西农业大学生物工程系,江西南昌330045 [4]江西省农业科学院,江西南昌330200 [5]万年县农技推广中心,江西万年335500

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2001年第1期57-61,共5页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：江西省自然科学基金资助项目!( 983 0 0 1 )

摘　　要：应用15N示踪方法 ,研究了棉田生态系统中N的吸收利用和去向。证明在等N ,P ,K条件下 ,沼肥与化肥配施有利于N向生殖器官转移 ,其增产效果比单施化肥显著 ;绿肥与化肥配施和单施化肥产量基本持平。各处理棉株对土壤N的依赖性都低于肥料N ,约占 3 7.4 4%～ 4 3 .66% ,但单施化肥高于有机肥与化肥配施。棉株营养器官累积土壤N的比例各处理都大于生殖器官 ,而累积的肥料N正好相反 ,说明棉株生育前期对土壤N的依赖性较高 ,而后期对肥料N的依赖性较高 ,为棉花生产重施花铃肥提供了依据。有机肥与化肥配施肥料N在土壤中的残留率为单施化肥 2 .5～ 3倍 ,而损失率后者为前者的 1 .4～ 1 .6倍 ,其生态效益差异十分显著。N-labeled technique was used to study the absorbing utilization and fate of N in the ecosystem of cotton field. The result showed that under the conditions of equivalent N, P and K, if biogas fertilizer was applied in combination with chemical fertilizer, it was advantageous to the shift of N to generative organs, and the increase in yield showed more prominent result than that from applying only chemical fertilizer if green manure applied in combination with chemical fertilizer, the yield was almost the same as that from applying only chemical fertilizer. The dependence of cotton plant on soil N in each treatment was lower than on fertilizer N, which was about 37.44%～43.66%,and yet the application of only chemical fertilizer was higher than the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The rates of soil N accumulation in nutritive organs in each treatment was higher than that in generative organs, but as for that of fertilizer N accumulation the sequence was just reversed. This results showed that the dependence of cotton plant on soil N in the earlier growth stages was higher, but that of fertilizer N in the later growth stages was higher, so as to provide scientific basis for applying more flowering and bolling fertilizer to cotton. The residual ratio in soil of fertilizer Nof the organic fertilizer in combination with chemical fertilizer was equivalent to 2.5～3.0 times that of only chemical fertilizer, and yet the ratio of loss N of the latter was 1.4～1.6 times that of the former, and the difference of ecological effect was also very prominent.

关 键 词：氮素流向 氮素吸收利用 棉田生态系统 氮15 氮肥 化肥 有机肥 

分 类 号：S562.01[农业科学—作物学] S562.062