脂肪酸酰胺类阴离子表面活性剂的合成、性能和应用  

Synthesis, Analysis and Application about Anion Derive Surfactants of Fatty Acid Alkandamide

作　　者：王斌[1] 张敏[1] 颜连学[1] 丁龙福[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学化学化工学院化工系,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2001年第2期261-266,共6页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

摘　　要：以月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等脂肪酸为原料 ,通过甲酯化、酰胺化、磺化或再甲酯化、磺化等步骤 ,合成了一系列脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺硫酸酯钠 (FMS n ,n为脂肪酸中碳原子数 ,n =12、14、16、18)、脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐 (DFMS n ,n同上 )和脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺硫酸酯钠盐 (FDMS n ,n同上 )等阴离子表面活性剂 ,测定了它们的临界胶束浓度(CMC)、润湿力、克拉夫特点 (K .P)、钙皂分散力 (LSDR % )、去污力 (R % )等性能 .结果表明 :采用本实验室的方法 ,工艺稳定 ,合成产率高 ;另外 ,较系统地研究了该系列阴离子表面活性剂的结构与性能的关系 。In use of dodecanoic acid, tetredecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid respectively as starting materials on the reaction conditions of esterification, amidation, sulfonation or re esterification and sulfonation, a series of fatty acid amide N [2 (sulfooxy)ethyl] monosodium salt(FMS n , n : the number of carbons in the fatty acid, n =12,14,16,18), butanedioic acid sulfo c [2 [(1 oxoalkanol)amide]ethyl] ester disodium salt(DFMS n) and fatty acid amide N,N [2 (monosulfooxy)ethyl 2 hydroxyethyl] monosodium salt(FDMS n) were prepared. The result proved that through these ways, the process was stable and the yield was high. Some surface chemical properties of these products such as Krafft Point (K.P), critical micelle concentration (cmc), dispersion force of lime soap (LSDR%), wetting power and detersive power (R%) were determined and proved to be good. Many important parameters and formulas were gained. The relationship between chemical structures and surface properties was investigated, which would be helpful to the design of surfactant molecule more deeply. The study showed that the size, carbon number, kind and location in the same hydrophobic group affected the surfactants' cmc. The amido bond between hydrophobic group and lipophobic group could decrease the surfactants' LSDR% well, and the effect of lipophobic group would increase. The bigger lateral chain in lipophobic group was worse to LSDR and cmc. Their further appliance was provided. A kind of liquid soap comprising some of them had excellent detersive power and could resist hard water better in low temperature than general detergents.

关 键 词：阴离子表面活性剂 脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺硫酸酸酯钠 洗涤剂 脂肪酸酰胺类 合成 分子结构 

分 类 号：TQ423.11[化学工程] TQ649.4