儿童铅暴露与听力损失  

Lead Exposure and Hearing Impairment Among Children

作　　者：熊海金[1] 袁宝珊[2] 雷晓燕[1] 赵一方[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省人民医院儿科,兰州730000 [2]兰州医学院预防医学系

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2001年第1期11-13,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：甘肃省 1 997年科技攻关计划资助!项目 (GK972 - 2 - 4 1 A)

摘　　要：目的　研究儿童血铅与听阈之间的关系。方法　用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定 6 2名 5～ 7岁儿童静脉血全血铅。用 Madsen Model OB77听力计和压耳式耳机 ,测定了 2 5 0、5 0 0、10 0 0、2 0 0 0、40 0 0、6 0 0 0 Hz气导听阈。结果　儿童血铅平均值为 181.97μg/ L,血铅浓度范围 39.1～ 393.6 μg/ L。用 Spearman相关系数分析结果 ,儿童听阈与血铅浓度呈正相关关系 ,相关系数在 0 .33～ 0 .74之间 ,相关关系显著 (P<0 .0 1)。利用多元逐步回归分析 ,儿童听阈除与血铅有关外 ,未发现与儿童年龄、性别、父母年龄及文化程度 ,以及家庭经济收入等因素有关。结论　儿童听阈与血铅呈正相关关系 ,预测儿童血铅每升高 10 0 μg/ L听阈升高 1.46 3～ 8.170 d B。Objective To study the relationship between blood lead levels and hearing threshold changes among children. Methods The lead levels in whole blood of 62 children aged 5~7 years were determined by graphite furnance atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The levels of air mediated hearing threshold were determined by Madsen Model DB77 audiometer and headphone at frequencies of 250,500,1 000, 2 000,4 000 and 6 000 Hz. Results The average levels and range of blood lead were 181.97 μg/L and 39.1~393.6 μg/L respectively.The spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the levels of hearing threshold and the blood lead levels with r =0.33~0.74 among childen( P< 0.01).The multiple stepwise correlation analysis showed that the levels of hearing threshold in children were correlated with their blood lead levels positively,except their ages,sex,parents' ages and education,as well as the levels of their family economic income. Conclusion The changes of hearing threshold were positively correlated with blood lead levels in children.It was predicted that an increase of 100 μg/L blood lead could result in the increase of hearing threshold levels of 1.463~8.170 dB(A)

关 键 词：铅暴露 铅中毒 血铅 听阈 听力损失 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学] R135.11[医药卫生—药学]