出生前后铅暴露对婴幼儿智商发育的影响  

Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Lead Exposure on Intelligence Quotient of Infants

作　　者：陶勇[1] 白雪涛[2] 张洪桥[2] 刘建荣[2] 王玉玲[2] 董兵[2] 戚其平[2] 郑星泉[2] 北京首钢医院协作组 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院环境卫生与卫生工程研究所,北京100050 [2]中国预防医学科学院环境卫生监测所

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2001年第2期73-76,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的　分析出生前后血铅负荷对婴幼儿智商发育的影响。方法　本文采用前瞻性流行病学的方法 ,对妊娠 3个月左右的孕妇进行追踪观察 ,直至分娩 ,继之观察其子女至 2岁。期间分别采集孕妇妊娠 3、6月静脉血 ,婴儿出生后 6、12、18、2 4月的指血做血铅分析。同时对幼儿智商发育水平及可能影响幼儿智商发育的因素如孕妇情况 ,分娩情况和幼儿喂养情况进行调查。结果　孕妇血铅水平比较低 ,婴幼儿出生后血铅逐渐增加 ,但其平均血铅水平均低于 10 0 μg/ L。98.76 %的婴幼儿智商水平在正常范围之内。单因素分析表明 ,妊娠 6月血铅与婴儿 18月智商呈负相关。多元回归分析发现妊娠 6月和 3月血铅分别与婴幼儿 18月和 2 4月智商呈负相关。而出生后血铅与幼儿智商关系不明显。Objective To explore the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to lead on intelligence quotient of infants Methods A prospective epidemiological study was carried out among the pregnant women during the period from 3 month gestation to delivery,and their infants during the period from birth to 2 years old The levels of blood lead of the venous blood samples of pregnant women at the 3th and 6th month of gestation,and of fingers blood samples of infants at the age of 6,12,18 and 24 months were determined The levels of intelligence quotient(IQ) of the infants and their related affecting factors,such as individual and family status of the pregnant women,delivery,and infant feeding were analyzed Results The lower blood lead levels were observed among pregnant women The blood lead levels increased gradually among infants after birth,but their average levels were below 100 μg/L In 98 76% of the observed infants normal IQ levels were found Single factor analysis showed a negative correlation between the blood lead levels of pregnant women at 6th month gestation and the IQ levels of infants aged 18 month.Multiple regression analysis showed a negative correlations between the blood lead levels of pregnant women at 6th month gestation and IQ levels of infants aged 18 months,and between the blood lead levels of pregnant women at 3th month gestation and IQ levels of infants aged 24 months No significant correlation was observed between the blood lead levels and IQ levels of infants after birth Conclusion The fetal lead exposure presented a certain negative effects on IQ levels of infants

关 键 词：胎儿 婴幼儿 智商发育 铅暴露 环境神经毒素 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学]