淮北矿区煤矿工尘肺发病及现况的调查  

Cohort approach of 4 421 cases with pneumoconiosis in Huaibei coalmine

作　　者：郭长轩[1] 蒋文中 丁新平[1] 张守忠[1] 陈卫东[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省淮北矿业集团公司职业病防治院,淮北235000

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2001年第1期20-22,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的　探讨煤矿工尘肺发病年龄、接尘工龄、晋期年限、尘肺合并结核状况及影响尘肺预后的有关因素。方法　对淮北矿区 40年来确诊的 44 2 1例尘肺患者 (死亡 10 11例、现患 3 410例 )的基本状况及发病、晋期、合并肺结核、死亡原因等资料建立数据库 ,按全国尘肺流行病学调查设计方案进行现况调查。结果　 (1)淮北矿区 40年来 ,Ⅰ期尘肺患者平均接尘时间为 (2 2 .40± 2 .0 8)年 ,平均发病年龄为 (4 7.31± 2 .96 )岁。尘肺种类以煤工尘肺 (2 780例 )最多 ,占 6 2 .9% ;矽肺 (15 90例 )居第二位 ,占 36 .0 %。 (2 )尘肺平均晋期年限 :Ⅰ期→Ⅱ期 8.0 2年 ;Ⅱ期→Ⅲ期 8.6 5年。 (3)尘肺合并结核70 3例 ,占尘肺总例数的 15 .9% (70 3/ 44 2 1)。尘肺结核的病死率 (4 4.4% )远较单纯尘肺的 (18.8% )为高。 (4 )尘肺前三位死因分别是肺结核、肺癌、肺心病。结论　随作业条件的改善 ,尘肺患者的平均发病年龄逐年增高、发病工龄逐年延长。Objective To study the morbidity age when the patients got pneumoconiosis,duration of exposure to dust,time of different stages of pneumoconiosis developed,state of pneumoconiotuberculosis and the relevant factors affecting prognosis. Methods 4 421 patients with pneumoconiosis over 40 years in Huaibei coalmine were investigated.Patients' database according to national pneumoconiosis epidemiology survey method was established. Results (1) The average exposure time in stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis patients was (22.40±2.08) years,average morbidity age was (47.31± 2.96) years.Coalmine worker pneumoconiosis was the most common and silicosis the next(62.9% and 36.0% respectively).(2) Average time of development from Ⅰ→Ⅱ was 8.02 years,and Ⅱ→Ⅲ 8.65 years.(3)There were 703 patients with pneumoconiotuberculosis,accounted 15.9% of all,and its death rate(44.4%) was far more higher than that of simple pneumoconiosis(18.8%, P <0.01).(4)Pulmonary tuberculosis,lung cancer and cor pulmonale were the three principal causes of death. Conclusion As the working condition has been improved,the average morbidity age increased and the duration from dust exposure to development of silicosis prolonged year by year.The complications of pneumoconiosis still seriously damage the patients' health.

关 键 词：煤矿工 尘肺 发病 队例调查 准北矿区 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]