44种室内装潢涂料急性吸入毒性及检测方法  

Method for Examining Acute Inhalation Toxicity of 44 Species of Indoor Coating

作　　者：胡红[1] 周永贵[1] 李真观[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《劳动医学》2001年第1期22-25,共4页

摘　　要：[目的 ]建立涂料急性吸入毒性检测方法和评价标准 ,探讨影响室内装潢涂料毒性的有关因素 ,为室内装潢涂料安全卫生质量的管理提供技术依据。[方法 ]通过 44种室内装潢涂料急性吸入毒性和总挥发性有机物 (TVOC)含量的测试 ,验证上述测试及评价方法的科学性和可行性。[结果 ]检测了 6大类 44种涂料 ,其中乳胶漆等水性涂料急性吸入毒性和呼吸道刺激性均为 0级 ;溶剂型涂料急性吸入毒性大多在Ⅱ至Ⅲ级 ,个别达到Ⅳ级 ,并引起实验动物呼吸道和肺组织Ⅰ～Ⅱ级损伤。涂料的急性吸入毒性和呼吸道刺激性与TVOC含量具有明显的相关。[结论 ]室内装潢涂料的毒性 :溶剂型涂料大于水性涂料 ,且毒性大小与涂料中的TVOC含量有关。涂料的急性吸入毒性强度分级和它们引起的病理形态学改变能有效地判断不同种类涂料的毒性大小。Objective] This study was to establish a method for assessment of acute inhalation toxicity of coating,to explore the related factors affecting the toxicity of indoor coating,and to provide the technical basis for the safety and hygiene quality management of indoor coating. [Methods] The acute inhalation toxicity and total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) were identified for 44 species in 6 categories of indoor coating,verifying the method of the measurement and assessment. [Results] The 44 species of indoor coating were classified according to both the acute inhalation toxicity and respiratory tract irritation,the aqueous coating such as emulsion paint etc belongs to class 0,the most of organic solvent coating to class Ⅱ or Ⅲ,and a few to Ⅳ. The certain kinds of coating can cause the damage of respiratory tract and lung tissue in degree from Ⅰ to Ⅱ in animal. The significant positive association was seen among the acute inhalation toxicity,respiratory tract irritation and the TVOC value of the coating. [Conclusion] Toxicity of the organic solvent coating is higher than that of the aqueous coating,and was related to the TVOC values. The toxicity of different kinds of coating can be efficiently identified by the acute inhalation toxicity classification and pathological findings described in this paper.

关 键 词：涂料 急性吸入毒性 呼吸道刺激性 TVOC含量 病理形态 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学]