小儿急性感染性胃肠炎轮状病毒感染的病原学研究  

Etiological study on human rotavirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis

作　　者：赵锦铭[1] 程红[1] 严岚[1] 王秀亭[1] 邓洁[1] 陈燕[1] 宋燕燕 赵同兴[3] 屈建国[3] 

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所,北京100020 [2]北京友谊医院 [3]中国预防医学科学院病毒学研究所

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》2001年第1期55-60,共6页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

摘　　要：目的　了解我国广大地区小儿腹泻中轮状病毒感染的情况。方法　从我国有代表性地区收集到 196 8例腹泻患儿粪便标本、148例无腹泻儿、135例正常新生儿的同样标本 ,以及 36例成年腹泻患者和 37例无腹泻成人粪便标本 ,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (PAGE)查标本中轮状病毒RNA ,部分标本同时用ELISA法查轮状病毒抗原 ,以及电镜检查病毒 ,部分标本还进行常规细菌培养。所有腹泻患者均符合WHO诊断标准。结果　从 196 8例腹泻患儿标本中 80 4例查出轮状病毒RNA ,病毒RNA阳性率为 40 9%。 36例成年腹泻患者中 1例轮状病毒RNA阳性 ,其余无腹泻者均未查出轮状病毒RNA阳性。在 196 8例患儿便标本中 ,1493例用ELISA法查出 33 5 %轮状病毒阳性。在 80 4例轮状病毒RNA阳性中 ,A组轮状病毒阳性占 99 6 % ,C组占 0 4%。A组轮状病毒中RNA长型占 6 5 8% ,RNA短型占 33 3% ,其他占 0 8%。轮状病毒RNA长、短型中又可各分为 4个主要电泳型 (4 2 32、42 2 2、32 32、32 2 2 ) ,病毒基因变化集中在第 2、3及 7～ 9片段上。病毒感染有明显季节性 ,秋冬季感染多 ,春夏季感染少。从患儿中检出病毒以～ 1岁、～ 2岁为高 ,病毒感染主要集中在 2岁以内 ,尤其是 6个月至 2岁。在不同地区、城市、年份 ,轮状病毒感染率不一 ,可能与当地?Objective To understand the etiology of human rotavirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in China.Methods The investigation covered 1968 feces infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in 19 provinces and cities in China. Feces samples collected from 1968 infants and children with diarrhea, 148 children, 135 newborns and 37 adults without diarrhea, 36 adults with diarrhea were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). 1493 feces samples were examined by ELISA; 388 feces samples from sick children and 57 feces samples from children and adults without diarrhea were examined by EM. Bacterial culture were analyzed in 645 feces samples.Results Human rotavirus RNA (HRV RNA) was detected in 804(40 9%) of 1968 feces samples examined. No virus was detected in the feces samples of children and adults without diarrhea. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 500 (33 5%) of the 1493 feces samples. According to the genome profile of PAGE, 801 (99 6%) of the 804 rotavirus RNA positive belonged to group A virus, and the other 3 (0 4%) belonged to group C virus. According to the different migration of 10 and 11 segments on PAGE, the RNA pattern of group A rotavirus could be subdivided into two patterns: long and short patterns. The 527 (66 8%) positive HRV RNA was in the long pattern, while the 267 (33 3%) positive were in the short pattern. Among the rest 6 appeared to be mixed types, and the examined one was uncertain. Four different genotypes of HRV RNA in long and short patterns were identified respectively. They were types 4232,4222,3232 and 3222. The eight electropherotype genomes of HRV RNA varied not only in different years or seasons but also with the ages of patients and regions where the patients live.Conclusion Rotavirus infections are the major cause of diarrhea of infants and young children throughout China.

关 键 词：胃肠炎 儿童 轮状病毒 病原学 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科]