诱发柑桔“适应型”珠心愈伤组织体细胞胚胎发生的研究  

INDUCTION OF SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM HABITUATED NUCELLAR CALLI IN CITRUS

作　　者：邓占鳌[1] 章文才[1] 万蜀渊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学,武汉430070

出　　处：《果树科学》1991年第4期193-200,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

摘　　要：以我国四个优良柑桔栽培品种为试材,研究了他们的适应型珠心愈伤组织高频率体细胞胚胎发生与植株再生的条件,观察了胚胎发生时胞壁、细胞器的变化,发现2,4—D、IBA、KT、GA、BR、ABA、PP333等植物生长调节物质,CH、LH、YE等天然复合物和葡萄糖抑制胚胎发生;而乳糖(3%～8%)。半乳糖(5%～7%),特别是甘油(1%～5%)能诱发高频率体细胞胚胎发生。乳糖、甘油的这种效应不受PP333、BR、CH、AAC、ME的影响,但AC会显著地推迟胚胎发生。低温预处理对诱发体细胞胚胎发生不利。对球形胚状体的继续发育,以添加麦芽、SAD或ABA的MT培养基较好。电镜和光镜观察表明,适应型珠心愈伤组织由胚性细胞和非胚性细胞组成。胚性细胞质浓、核糖体特别多、淀粉粒多、液泡小而少、核大、壁较厚。胚状体从单个胚性细胞开始形成,一个胚性细胞分裂成的多个子细胞共存于一个厚壁之内。This work is undertaken to find out the suitable conditions for high frequency somatic embryogenesis from habituated nucellar calli of 4 Superior citrus cultivars in China, and to observe the cell wall, organelles during somatic embryogenesis. The results showed that plant growth regulators such as 2.4-D, IBA, KT,GA, BR(brassinolide), ABA,PP333 (paclobutrazol), natural complex (LH, CH, YE) and glucose inhibited embryogenesis; lactose (3%-8%), galactose (5%-7%), especially glycerol (1%-5%) could induce embryogenesis at high frequency. The role of lactose and glycerol was not affected by PP333, BR.CH,AC,AAC (amino acid complex) and ME (malt extract), however, addition of AC (activated charcoal) delayed embryogenesis, and low temperature was not beneficial to it. The further development of the globular embryoids required addition of malt, SAD or ABA in MT medium. The habituated nucellar calli consisted of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. The embryogenic cells were characterized by dense cytoplasem, abundant ribosomes and starch grains, few small vacuoles, large nucleus and thickened cell wall. The embryoids were formed from single embryogenic cells, and those cells derived from one embryogenic cell were enclosed in common thickened wall.

关 键 词：柑桔 适应性 珠心 愈伤组织 胚胎 

分 类 号：S666.035[农业科学—果树学]