旱地不同施氮方法的增产效果  

Effects ofNFertilizer Application Methods onYieldIncrease the AridLand

作　　者：王喜庆[1] 李生秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》1995年第3期27-32,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：Volkswagen Foundation资助

摘　　要：分别在半湿易旱地区的澄城、杨陵二地，以冬小麦为供试作物安排了田间和１５Ｎ试验，研究了表施、深施和混施氮肥对其肥效的影响。由于土壤肥力、水分状况及氮肥用量不同，两地的结果有异。分析各种施氮方法在两地满足作物养分需要和土壤氮挥发的特点，可以看出，无论在何种情况下，表施的氮肥肥效或较深施和混施逊色，或则近似，但均未比后两种施肥效果优越。在土壤供氮能力差，水分条件欠佳的情况下，氮肥用量较低时，混施有利于根系发育，效果显著优于深施；而用量较高时，深施和混施肥效不相上下。在土壤供氮能力较高时，水分条件又较好的情况下，作物幼苗对肥料氮依赖性较少，深施既减少了氮挥发，又有着较大的移动性，肥效明显高于其它两种施肥方法。Field experiments were conductedinChengcheng county andYangling District in the semihumid region susceptible drought respectively ,using wheat as an in- dication plant to study the effects of different fertilization methods(including surface,deep and mixture application)on N fertilizer efficiency.There are some differences in the results in two locations due to soil fertility,soil mosture state and different amounts of Nfertilizer.It ean be seen through the analysis of different N application methods in satisfying crop nutrient requirements and soilN─supplysing capacity in two locations that no matter whatever the coses may be, the efficiency of surface application of N fer- tilizwr is less than or similar to those of deep or mixture application, but not higher than the latter two methods. In the case of low soil N─supplying capacity with deficient wa- ter low tate of N fertilizer applied by the mixture method is favourable to root growth and its efficiency is obviously superior to that of deep and mixture application methods in case of high tate of N fertilizer applied. In the case of high soil N─supplying capacity and better soil moisture, wheat seedlings depend less on N fertilizer application. In this case,deep application can reduce ammonia volatilization and may have great movability of N fertilizer to meet plant needs so that the efficiency is high.

关 键 词：施氮方法 氮肥 肥效 旱地 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]