北海鲱卵黄囊期仔鱼的摄食能力和生长  

FEEDING ABILITY AND GROWTH OF THE YOLK-SAC LARVAE OF NORTH SEA HERRING

作　　者：殷名称[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海水产大学,200090

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》1991年第6期554-560,共7页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

摘　　要：于1986年对大西洋鲱(clupea harengus L.)——北海种群卵黄囊期仔鱼在早期发育和饥饿期的摄食能力和生长作了实验研究。结果表明:(1)孵化后第6天(饲养水温13.1±0.4℃),仔鱼初次摄食,此时,卵黄容量从初孵时0.182mm^3降至0.020mm^3以下,眼、口、肠管、肛门、胸鳍等器官的功能基本形成,巡游模式建立;孵化后第8天,卵黄耗尽,混合营养期持续仅2天;不能建立外源性营养的仔鱼,第11天进入PNR期,第17天全部死亡。(2)仔鱼在不同饥饿阶段初次摄食率和摄食强度的变化式型是:开始较低,随即上升,高峰出现在卵黄耗尽后1—2天;此后就逐步下降;记录到的最高初次摄食率约为50％,最高摄食强度每尾仔鱼在4h内平均摄取3—4个轮虫。(3)仔鱼在初孵期的生长率平均为0.233mm/d;进入摄食期后,饥饿仔鱼的生长几乎停止;同期摄食仔鱼的生长率亦下降,为0.130mm/d;摄食仔鱼(N=309)在孵化后30天内的长度(L,全长)和日龄(d)的相关式为:L(mm)=0.180d+7.06。The yolk-sac larvae of North Sea herring (Clupea harengus L.) were reared in 1986 to examine the changes in feeding ability and growth during early development and starvation. The times of initial feeding and the point-of-no-return (PNR, when 50% of the larvae, although still alive, are no longer strong enough to feed of the larvae were also determined, New-lyhatched larvae could not feed but grow on the yolk until the eyes. months, digestive tracts, anus and pectoral fins became functional and the cruising swimming was formed. The larvae began to feed on the 6th day after posthatching at rearing temperatures of 13.1±0.4(SD)℃ when the yolk volume was below 0.020 mm3. Generally, the yolk was absorbed completely on day 2 after the onset of feeding 0.020 mm3. Generally, the yolk was absorbed completely on day 2 after the onset of feeding and the larvae had therefore only 2 days of 'mixed' feeding. The time to reach the PNR was only 3 days after yolk exhaustion or 11 days from hatching. The total survival time for unfed larvae was 17 days. The initial feeding rate and intensity of the larvae increased during initial starvation and usually tended to peak 1-2 days after yolk exhaustion, then decreased gradually during further starvation. The highest recorded mean feeding rate and intensity were 50% and 3-4 rotifers eaten per larva in 4h, respectively. The mean growth rate was 0.233mm/d for larvae living on yolk and 0.002 mm/d when the larvae reached the external feeding stage but no food was available. After passing the PNR, starved larvae not only entered a negative growth phase, but also showed a decrease in size of various organs, and the pectoral girdle projected markedly and formed the so-called 'pectoral angle'. The pectoral angle seemed to be one of the most useful characters for distinguishing individual starved larvae from feeding larvae. When fed on rotifers the mean growth rate was 0.130 mm/d for the larvae during the feeding stage (from day 6-12 post-hatching). The equation relating growth in length (L)

关 键 词：鲱 卵黄囊 仔鱼 摄食 生长 

分 类 号：Q959.466[生物学—动物学]