异细胞质小麦与黑麦、小黑麦杂交对性状和减数分裂行为的影响  

Alien Cytoplasmic Effects on Trait Production and Chromosome Behaviors at Meiosis in Crossing Alloplasmic Wheat with Rye or Triticale

作　　者：刘伟华[1] 王同昌[1] 何聪芬[1] 徐香玲[1] 李集临[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《植物研究》2001年第2期222-226,T001,共6页Bulletin of Botanical Research

摘　　要：本文利用 1 7种异细胞质“中国春”小麦与黑麦、小黑麦杂交、回交 ,研究其性状与减数分裂行为的表现。首次观察到D2 型Ae.crassa.4x细胞质对同源染色体配对有抑制作用 ,对部分同源染色体配对有促进作用 ,SV 型Ae.kotschyi细胞质对同源染色体、部分同源配对均有抑制作用 ,Sl型Ae.sharonesis细胞质对部分同源染色体配对有促进作用。还观察到G型细胞质T .timo pheevi、T .zhukovskyi,D2 型细胞质Ae .crassa可提高产生有功能雌配子数。首次合成G型、SV 型、D2 型细胞质雄性不育的八倍体小黑麦 ,D2 型细胞质八倍体小黑麦是光敏性雄性不育 ,在 1 5小时以上的长光照条件下表现不育。这对进一步了解异细胞质的作用、小黑麦杂种优势的利用和小黑麦的改良均有重要意义。types of alien cytoplasm were used to study on the allopasmic effects on chromosome behaviors at meiosis in hybrids between alloplasmic Triticum aestivum with rey and triticale.It was observed that(a) D 2-type cytoplasm from Ae.crassa(4x)appears to inhinit the pairing of homologues and to promote the homoeologue pairing;(b)S-type cytoplasm from Ae.sharonesis shows the effects of promoting homologous chromosome pairing;(c)G-type cytoplasm from T.timopheevi and T.zhukovskyi possesses the ability to produce functional female gametes;(d)s v-type cytoplasm from Ae.kotshyi inhibits pairing of both homologues and homoeologue.Male sterile octoploid triticale lines with G,S v,and D 2-type cytoplasm have been synthesized and the male sterility induced by D 2-type cytoplasm is a photosensitive which was found to be express under daylight more than 15 hors.

关 键 词：小麦 核质代换 染色体配对 小黑麦 杂交 性状 减数分裂 

分 类 号：S512.110.3[农业科学—作物学]