中国台湾和大陆蹄盖蕨属植物的生物地理学比较  

A BIOGEOGRAPHIC COMPARISON ON ATHYRIUM ROTH IN TAIWAN AND MAINLAND OF CHINA

作　　者：王中仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所

出　　处：《植物研究》2001年第2期231-238,共8页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金! (NSFC 3 93 9180 1;3 95 70 0 61)资助课题

摘　　要：蹄盖蕨属AthyriumRoth是个典型的东亚属 ,全世界估计约有 1 60种 ,主要分布在亚洲东部的亚热带高山 ,少数在温带其他地区 ,中国有 1 1 7种 ,是其分布中心。台湾和大陆的蹄盖蕨属植物关系尤为密切 ,是研究海峡两岸植物地理关系的一个很好的材料。台湾已知共计有蹄盖蕨类植物 32种 ,包括狭义蹄盖蕨 2 7种 ,介蕨 2种 ,蛾眉蕨 1种 ,假蹄盖蕨 1种 ,假冷蕨 1种 ,即使将待查实的 4种蹄盖蕨除去 ,至少还有 2 8种。其中除去 7种大陆不产外 ,2 1种均和大陆共有 ,占75%。况且 ,这 7种与大陆种形态相近 ,是否同种异名、亚种或姊妹种关系还有待进一步研究 ;在台湾和大陆共有的 1 6种狭义蹄盖蕨中有 7种是台湾—西南间断分布。这不仅说明了台湾的蹄盖蕨属类植物和大陆的关系密切、有着共同的起源 ,而且说明台湾高地的植物区系和西南高地关系最为密切。运用生物系统学和分子系统学的方法研究和测定海峡两岸共有种种内、姊妹种或近缘种之间的遗传学关系 (如 :遗传一致度 ) ,进一步了解并量化台湾和大陆植物区系之间的历史和地理关系是必要的。Athyrium Roth is a typical Eastern Asiatic genus. There are about 160 species in the world. However, except a few species, most of them occur in the subtropical mountains of eastern Asia, and small part of them occurs in the temperature area of E. Asia. China is the distribution center of the genus with 117 species. The species of Athyrium in Taiwan are particularly close to the species in mainland. Therefore, it is a representative example for revealing the phytogeographical relationship between the two banks of the strait. There are 32 species of Athyrium sensu lato in Taiwan, including 27 species of Athyrium sensu strict, 2 species of Dryoathyrium , 1 species of Lunathyrium , 1 species of Athyriopsis and 1 species of Pseudocystopteris . If ignoring 4 species of Athyrium sensu strict with doubt, there are 28 species in Taiwan at least. Among them, 21 species are in common with mainland, the common percentage is 75%. Moreover, although the other 7 species have not been found in mainland, they are very similar to some species in mainland morphologically. Whether there are the same species, subspecies or sibling species or not? Which is still waiting for the further studies. Among the 16 common species of Athyrium sensu strict between Taiwan and mainland, 7 species are disjunct distribution between Taiwan and Southwest China. Which not only shows Athyrium species in Taiwan have close relationship with mainland species may be with common origin, but also shows the flora of the highland of Taiwan has most close relationship with the flora of the highland in the Southwest mainland. Further investigating and examining of genetic relationship (such as genetic identity) of the common or related species of two banks of the strait with biosystematic or molecular systematic methods, and further understanding and quantitative studies on the historical and geographical relationships between the florae of Taiwan and mainland are necessary.

关 键 词：生物地理 间断分布 蹄盖蕨属 中国 台湾 

分 类 号：Q949.360.8[生物学—植物学]