温度对桃花器官发育的影响  

Effect of Temperature on the Development of Peach Flower Organs

作　　者：沈元月[1,2] 郭家选[1,2] 刘成连 贾克功[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]莱阳农学院园艺系 [2]中国农业大学园艺系

出　　处：《园艺学报》1999年第1期1-6,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

摘　　要：从形态学、组织学、细胞学水平上研究了４个昼／夜温度处理对２年生盆栽早露蟠桃花器官发育的影响。结果表明，温度对桃花芽发育从外部形态到内部结构都有显著的影响。（１）温度越高，花芽发育越快，开花越早，但温度超过一定的范围，就会不同程度地抑制花芽发育，造成高温伤害。２５／１５℃、３０／１５℃处理比２０／１５℃处理盛花期分别提前了５ｄ和８ｄ；３５／１５℃处理绝大多数花芽露萼后不久便停止发育，不能正常开花而脱落；２５／１５℃处理对花的大小、花丝的长短、花药的大小、雌蕊的长度、子房的直径没有显著影响；３０／１５℃处理极显著地抑制了花冠、雄蕊及雌蕊的发育，开花后花药不能正常开裂散粉。（２）随着温度的升高，花粉粒发育速度加快，雄性败育趋势增加。与２０／１５℃处理相比，２５／１５℃、３０／１５℃处理花粉粒的数量分别减少了５４％和８６％；发芽率分别减少了２９％和７８％；瘪小花粉粒率分别增加２倍和５．８倍。３５／１５℃处理影响减数分裂的正常进行，造成雄性完全败育。The effect of day/night temperature on Early flat peach flowering was studied.The results obtained from this experiment were as follows.Temperature significantly effected on the development of peach flower buds from external morphology to internal structure.The higher the temperature was,the faster the flower buds developed,and the earlier they flowered.But,high temperature should inhibit the development of flower buds,and caused high temperature injury to them when the temperature went beyond an appropriate range.The full bloom periods of 25/15 and 30/15 treatments were five and eight days earlier respectively than that of 20/15 treatment.Most of the flower buds of 35/15 treatment stopped development soon after appearing calyx,could not flower normally and shed.There was no significant difference between 20/15 and 25/15treatments in the size of flower and flower anther,the length of filament and pistil,the diameter of ovary.The treatment of 30/15 significantly inhibited the size of flower,stamen and ovary.Flower anthers could not dehisce.With rise of temperature,the development of pollen speeded up,the abortive trend of stamen increased.Compared with 20/15 treatment,the amount of pollen of 25/15 and 30/15 treatments decreased 54% and 86% respectively;the germination percentage of pollen decreased 29% and 78% respectively;the percentage of blighted pollen increased respectively 2 and 5.8 times. 35/15 treatment affected the normal meiosis and caused all stamen abortion.

关 键 词：桃 温度 花器官发育 雄性败育 设施栽培 温度管理 

分 类 号：S662.101[农业科学—果树学]