黄河下游河道阻力与输沙特性的研究  

Characteristics of channel resistance and sediment transport in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：秦荣昱[1] 刘淑杰[1] 王崇浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院

出　　处：《泥沙研究》1995年第4期10-18,共9页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：水利水电基金

摘　　要：本文分析了黄河下游河道阻力与水力特性、综合阻力主要组成单元、床沙组成的水力特性和运动特点，阐明了超低阻力的产生与床沙细、不均匀、含沙量较大、分布不均匀，使流速分布不均匀、卡门参数变小有关，是构成“大水出好河”、“多来多排”和远距离输沙的主要动力；超高阻力是大面积的沙被阻力所为，是造成“小水淤坏河”，河床不断淤高的重要原因．Ｓ＜２００ｋｇ／ｍ￣３时，细沙河床阻力用公式（４）和（５）联解，可获得良好的结果．最后指出开发超低阻力输沙技术。消除和避免渠、槽超高阻力的出现是根除黄河河床不断淤高，引黄渠道淤塞、沙化和发展远距离输沙的主攻方向．In this paper, the channel resistance and its hydraulic characteristics, the main units of synthetic resistance, the hydraulic and kinematic characteristics of bed materials in the Lower Yellow River are analysed. It also expounds that the formation of extra low resistance is related to fine and non-uniform bed material, higher suspended sediment concentration and its nonuniform distribution, which cause the velocity distribution non-unifrom and the Karmsn coefficient smaller. The extra low resistance would lead to the channel narrowed and deepened in high water period, and cause more incoming sediment, more sediment carried and sediment transported over a long distance. Otherwise, the extra high resistance is caused by large scale waves, which make the channel silted, widened and shallowed in low water period. The channel resistance could be calculated by eq. (4) and eq. (5) when the bed material is find and the sediment concentration S is smaller than 200 kg/m￣3, and the result is in good agreement with field data. It should be pointed out that using the extra low resistance and dispelling the extra high resistance are the main measures to eliminate the channel aggradation in the Lower Yellow River and its irrigation canals.

关 键 词：远距离输沙 卡门参数 黄河治理 河道阻力 形成机制 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV882.1