黄河下游高含沙洪水不同粒径泥沙的输移特性  

Characteristics of sediment transport for different size groups in hyperconcentrated floods of the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：陈建国[1] 李宜斌[1] 赵华侠[1] 周晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院

出　　处：《泥沙研究》1996年第4期11-20,共10页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：黄河"八五"攻关项目

摘　　要：本文根据黄河下游高含沙洪水的实测资料，论述了高含沙洪水中各级粒径泥沙的输移及冲淤调整特性，指出在高含沙洪水通过下游河道，特别是高村以上游荡性河段时，在产生严重淤积的同时，悬沙沿程细化，至艾山以下河段的含沙量虽有时仍高，但已不是三门峡下泄的“原汁”泥沙组成．The hyperconcentrated flow in the Lower Yellow River is classified into the turbulent fluid instead of the non Newtonian fluid according to the study of the behaviors of hyperconcentrated floods of the river. Based on the measured flood data with the sediment concentration higher than 300kg/m 3, some important characteristics of sediment transport for different size groups when the hyperconcentrated floods pass through the Lower Yellow River have been acquired. The sediment concentrations and the amounts of sediment load for various groups carried by the floods will decrease along the river, which especially occurs in the wandering reach with wide and shallow cross section. The coarser the sediment particles, the more the decrement. The amounts of sediment load for different size groups bilogarithmically have the linear relations to the runoff at stations, although the sediment load in floods are decreased along the river. The tremendous deposition would happen in hyperconcentrated floods especially in the wandering reach, which constitutes the major part of the total deposition of the Lower Yellow River. Correspondingly, the serious deposition for various size groups also occurs, the coarser the sediment, the more the deposition. Therefore, the gradation of suspended load carried by the floods becomes finer and finer along with the sediment concentration decrement along the river. For example, the medium size of suspended load at Lijin station, the last station on the Lower Yellow River, is 0.008￣0.02mm, while at Sanmenxia station, the first station, it is 0.022￣0.027mm. Hence the sorting of sediment particles in the hyperconcentrated floods is quite obvious as that in ordinary sediment laden floods.

关 键 词：高含沙洪水 含沙量衰减 悬沙细化 输移特性 冲淤特性 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]