市民社会与政治国家:法治的基础和界限  

作　　者：马长山[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2001年第3期19-41,共23页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家"九五"规划社科基金项目

摘　　要：市民社会与国家的分离和互动发展 ,奠定了法治运行的基础 ,即普遍利益与特殊利益的冲突与协调导致了法律至上 ;多元社会权利对国家权力的分享与制衡提供了权利保障 ;市民社会多元利益的冲突、互动与整合衍生了理性规则秩序 ;具有自由理性精神的公民意识构成了法治的非制度化要素。中国要真正走向法治 ,就必须重构国家与市民社会的关系 ,确立多元权利基础、公权力权威和良法之治 ,并实现依法治国与市民社会理性规则秩序的回应与契合。The contradictory development of civil society and political state exhibited the mainstream emergence and the course of diversification of the evolution of human history.It is the separation and interactive development of civil society and state that laid the foundation for the operation of the rule of law,i.e.the superiority of law resulting from the conflict and coordination of the general and special interests;the guarantee of rights facilitated by the sharing and checks and balances of state powers with the pluralist social rights;and the order of rational rules derived from the conflict,integration,and integration of the pluralist interests of civil society.The free rational spirit of civil society in agreement with state constitutes the non-institutional elements for the rule of law.With the changes of the relationship between state and civil society in the contemporary Europe,which put the rule of law in the West in face of challenges of the times and transcendental response,the course of the rule of law in the subsequent modernizing East Asia is under a strong impact of the relationship between the “Eastern”state and the society.This shows that the contradictory and interactive development of civil society and state consitutes the foundation for the rule of law and establishes the limitations of the rule of law.Therefore,to really develop the rule of law,China has to re-construct the relationship between the state and the civil society.

关 键 词：市民社会 政治国家 法治 法律至上 权利保障 非制度化要素 中国 依法治国 理性规则秩序 

分 类 号：K107[历史地理—历史学]