转录后基因沉默与植物的病毒抗性  

Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing and Virus Resistance

作　　者：温孚江[1] 朱常香[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学生命科学学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《生物工程学报》2001年第3期231-235,共5页Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 !( 39970 485 )&&

摘　　要：转录后基因沉默 (PTGS)是近 10年发现的一种生物 (特别是真核生物 )细胞抵抗外来核酸入侵及保持生物自身基因组完整性的防御机制 ,特别是与生物的病毒抗性密切相关。PTGS最初在植物内发现 ,近几年又分别在真菌、动物等生物细胞内发现。经过 10年的研究 ,我们对PTGS的机制和特点有了相当的了解。这不但对深入地了解基因的表达调控机制意义重大 ,而且还可为人们如何调控和利用PTGS奠定了基础。本文从PTGS的特点、PTGS与病毒抗性、PTGS在真核生物内发生的广泛性等方面进行综述 。Post\|transcriptional gene silencing(PTGS)is a defense mechanism of plants against foreign nucleic acids,such as virus infection.The mechanism results in sequence\|specific degradation of nucleic acids,including endogenous mRNA,transgene mRNA and virus RNA.PTGS was first discovered in transgenic plants, and since then,similar mechanism has been found in fungi and animals.It apperas that PTGS is initiated by aberrant RNA and double\|stranded RNA in the cell.An enzyme similar to RNA\|dependent RNA polymerase has been identified in various plants,which plays a key role in the PTGS process.It is hypothesized that PTGS might be the natural mechanism of plants against virus infection.To support this hypothesis,scientists from several laboratories have discovered PTGS suppressors encoded by virus genomes,and the suppressors identified so far are all viral pathogenicity determinants,such as viral movement protein.

关 键 词：转录后基因沉默 转基因植物 RNA-介导 病毒抗性 RNA干扰 

分 类 号：Q756[生物学—分子生物学]