异细胞质在八倍体小黑麦育种中的利用研究  

Study on the Utilization of Alien Cytoplasm in the Breeding of Octoploid Triticale

作　　者：何聪芬[1] 周春江[1] 王翠亭[1] 许景升[1] 李集临[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学生命科学学院,石家庄050016 [2]哈尔滨师范大学生物系,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2001年第2期6-9,F003,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金资助项目

摘　　要：利用 1 5个异细胞质中国春及对照中国春分别与黑麦杂交 ,结实率有所不同 ;出苗率差异显著 ;异细胞质对 F1 减数分裂中期 染色体配对有影响 ,( Ae.sharonesis)和 ( Ae.bicornis)细胞质分别促进和抑制中国春与黑麦 F1 部分同源染色体配对。用八倍体小黑麦回交 F1 ,回交结实率差异显著。t检验表明 ,异细胞质对 F1 产生有功能雌配子有影响。继续用八倍体小黑麦回交 ,得到四种异细胞质八倍体小黑麦 ,细胞学观察表明 :减数分裂不稳定 ,多价体明显增多。利用 ( Ae.juvenalis)、( T.timopheevi)等 4种细胞质可以将黑麦中有益基因直接转移给小麦 ,而 ( Ae.bicornis)Wheat varieties “Chinese Spring” with different alien cytoplasms were crossed with rye, and their F 1 were crossed with stable octoploid triticale. Significant differences in seed set rate, rate of emergence and plumpness of kernel among different lines of alloplasmic F 1、BC 1 and BC 2 were observed. Four lines of alloplasmic octoploid triticale were obtained in BC 2. Different cytoplasms had different effects on homologous chromosome pairing as shown by chiasma frequency in F 1 at metaphase of first meiotic division and on having active female gamete as shown by backcrossing seed set rate with stable octoploid triticale. The results indicated that genetic transferring of desirable genes from rye to Chinese Spring with timopheevi and juvenalis alloplasms was feasible, but it was unfeasible with bicornis cytoplasm. In BC 2 (alloplasmic octoploid triticale lines), one or more univalents were observed in PMCs (pollen mother cells) at metaphase Ⅰ of meiosis, indicating that their meiosis were unstable.

关 键 词：异细胞质 中国春 黑麦 部分同源染色体 有功能雌配子 异细胞质八倍体小黑麦 育种 

分 类 号：S512.4[农业科学—作物学]