堤防贯穿性溃口的形成过程及抢护方法  

Formation process of penetrating dyke breaches and methods for urgent repairs

作　　者：戴国轩 马有国[2] 燕在华[2] 

机构地区：[1]浠水县水利局,湖北浠水436200 [2]武汉大学水利电力学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《人民长江》2001年第5期13-14,共2页Yangtze River

摘　　要：１９９５年以来，长江连续发生大洪水，湖北浠水县３处堤段曾出现了贯穿性溃口。在险情实测记录的基础上，总结和分析堤防贯穿性溃口险情的发生、发展、抢护等过程及特点是非常必要的。在贯穿性漏洞出现前，一般有管涌和散浸发生，漏洞发生之处一般都是在地质条件较差的地方，漏洞发生的同时伴有堤内横向裂缝的发生。从发生贯穿性漏洞到溃口的时间与堤身组成物、堤身断面大小、江水位高低有关。溃口发生的主要原因是溃口处土壤组成透水性强，先发生散漫或管涌等险情，加上浸沧时间长，迎水面和背水面堤身沉陷不均匀，导致裂缝出现和冲刷的加剧也都促成溃口发生。贯穿性漏洞出现后，首先应找准漏斗，外堵为主，配以内导，抢险的重点应放在迎水面。由于险情发展迅速，必须争分夺秒、抓住有利时机进行抢险。Since 1995, great floods have successively occurred in the Yangtze river, resulting in penetrating dyke breaches in 3 dyke sections in Xishui county, Hubei province, On the basis of observing and recording the behaviors of dangerous dyke sections, it is necessary to summarize and analyze the processes of occurrence, development and urgent repairs of the penetrating dyke breaches and their characteristics. Before a penetrating chink occurs, piping and infiltration generally appear. Chinks often occur at places with poor geological conditions and are accompanied by transverse cracks appearing in dyke. The duration from the occurrence of penetrating chinks to dyke breaches depends on the composition and cross-sectional size of the dyke body, and the river water level. The major causes for dyke breaches are the strong permeability of soil at the dyke breaches, resulting in infiltration or piping firstly, and nonuniform settlement on water side and land side of the dyke due to a longterm soakage of the dyke, further leading to cracking and erosion, and finally breaching of the dyke. Once a penetrating chink appears, it should firstly plug up at a vortex pot on the water side of the dyke, with auxiliary drainage added on the land side. The focal point of urgent repairs should be laid on the water side of dykes.

关 键 词：堤防 贯穿性溃口 抢险方法 成因 

分 类 号：TV871.3[水利工程—水利水电工程]