二元氯化物熔体中锂和钠离子析出电位的测定及去极化作用的研究  

Study on Deposition Potentials of Lithium and Sodium Ions and Depolarization in Binary Chloride

作　　者：张英珊[1] 赵敏寿[1] 唐定骧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,长春130022

出　　处：《化学学报》1991年第4期382-388,共7页Acta Chimica Sinica

摘　　要：本文利用Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线法测定了锂和钠离子在二元混合氯化物体系(LiCl-KCl;NaCl-KCl)中的析出电位,为利用熔盐电解法制备低钠高纯铝-锂合金提供了理论依据.根据锂离子在铝阴极上产生的去极化值求出铝和锂发生合金化反应的热力学意义,提出二元合金类型与极化类型之间的经验关系.首次通过研究锂离子在铝合金电极上的去极化行为,发现某些第三合金元素的存在可以加强锂离子的去极化作用,为进一步制取低钠高纯三元铝-锂-M合金系列提供了参考.还研究了在氯化钾-氯化锂体系中,氯化锂浓度对锂离子在铝阴极上析出电位的影响,求出了氯化锂的平均活度系数.Deposition potentials of Lithium and Sodium ions have been measured in binary chloride systems (LiCl-KCl, NaCl-KCl) by I-V curve method, to provide a theoretical base for preparing high purity Al-Li alloy by electrolysis in molten salt. The changes of free energy and enthalpy were calculated in terms of depolarization values on Al cathode. Thermodynamic meaning of depolarization was discussed in details and the empirical relation between binary alloy type and depolarization type was proposed. It is shown for the first time that the presence of a third element in Al-Li alloy can strengthen depolarization of Li ion at Al alloy cathode and give foundation for preparing high purity Al-Li-M ternary alloy. The effect of LiCl concentration on deposition potentials of Li ion at Al cathode in KCl-LiCl melt was studied and average active coefficient of LiCl was obtained.

关 键 词：氯化物 熔体 锂 钠 析出电位 

分 类 号：O646.54[理学—物理化学]