西线南水北调雅砻江调水坝址径流模拟  

Alpine Runoff Simulation of the Yalong River for the South-North Water Diversion

作　　者：康尔泗[1] 程国栋[1] 蓝永超[1] 陈贤章[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2001年第2期139-148,共10页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家"九五"攻关重点项目! (96 912 0 1 0 2 ;96 912 0 3 0 3S) ;国家自然科学基金重点项目!(973 10 3 0 ) ;中国科学院寒区旱区

摘　　要：西线南水北调各调水坝址位于高寒山区 ,实测水文资料十分欠缺 ,给设计流量的确定带来了许多困难 .应用笔者在河西走廊黑河山区流域建立的径流模型 ,对雅砻江上游雅江流域的甘孜水文站控制流域和温波调水坝址水文站控制流域的水量平衡和径流形成过程进行了模拟计算和研究 .雅砻江上游山区流域总体上表现出随海拔的增加 ,降水量减少 ,径流系数减小的特征 ,而融雪径流在径流形成中起着重要的作用 .以常规气象站的月气温和降水作为模型的初始输入 ,分别对丰水、平水和枯水年份的月径流量进行模拟计算 ,从而得出多年流量序列 .由此 ,对实测水文资料欠缺的山区流域设计流量的确定和校核提供了方法和依据 .The project of the South-North Water Diversion consists of many dams built in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, where hydrological measurements are seriously short. This causes many problems for the design discharge for the dams. This paper is intended to apply the Heihe Mountainous Watershed Runoff Model developed by the authors to simulate and study the water balance and runoff process in the upper reaches of the Yalong River, one of the main tributary of the Yangtze River. This is going to serve the determination of the design discharge of the dam. The model was developed in the mountainous watersheds of the Heihe River basin, which are located in the Qilian Mountains and by the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province. The model simulates the runoff process by dividing the mountainous watersheds into two vertical landscape zones: the alpine ice and snow zone and the alpine vegetation zone. The simulation indicates that the model structure is suited to the basic vertical landscape zonalities of the mountains in the west of China. In the mountainous watersheds at the upper reaches of the Yalong River controlled by the Yajiang Hydrometric Station (at 2 599 m a.s.l. with a drainage area of 65 729 km 2), the water balance shows that precipitation decreases and runoff coefficient also decreases with altitude. Snowmelt runoff plays a dominant role in the runoff formation. The runoff simulation has been carried out for the mountainous watershed controlled by the Garzê Hydrometric Station (at 3 393 m a.s.l. and with 32 925 km 2 of watershed area) and the higher mountainous watershed controlled by the Wenbo Hydrometric Station (at 3 885 m a.s.l. and with 19 800 km 2 of watershed area) in the Yalong River basin. Taking the monthly air temperature and precipitation of the standard meteorological stations as the foremost inputs, the model is calibrated and tested for wet, normal and dry years, then the annual runoff series is obtained. The simulation indicates that the normal annual precipitation is 564.5 mm and runoff

关 键 词：山区流域 径流模型 高山冰雪冻土带 山区植被带 出山径流 南水北调 

分 类 号：TV68[水利工程—水利水电工程]