全球冰川消融加剧使人类环境面临威胁  

Global Ice Melting Accelerated Would Threaten to Human Environmental Safety

作　　者：沈永平[1] 梁红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2001年第2期208-211,共4页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目! (498710 2 1) ;中国科学院知识创新工程重大方向项目! (KZCX1 10 0 6;KZCX2 3 0 1)资助

摘　　要：随着气候变暖 ,全球覆盖的冰川及其它各类冰体消融越来越多 ,近几十年来冰消融呈加速趋势 .冰川的消融会影响到全球气候 ,使海面上升 ,引发区域淹没、冰雪灾害、冰川洪水自然灾害等 ,这些都威胁着人类居住的环境安全 ,并可能改变着许多动植物种群的习性和生境 .不断加剧的冰冻圈变化已影响到我们的生存环境 ,必须加强环境保护意识 ,保护我们共同的家园 .In past century, much of the world's polar and mountain ice has melted, and in the past few decades the melting has accelerated. Ice is essential to global climatic and ecological stability, and as the ice turns to water. Enhanced melting is among the first observable signs of human-induced global warming, and glaciers and other ice features are particularly sensitive to temperature shifts. Loss of the ice would not only affect the global climate, but would also raise sea levels and spark regional flooding, damaging property and endangering lives. Large-scale ice melting would also threaten key water supplies as well as alter the habitats of many of the world's plant and animal species. As mountain glaciers shrink, large regions that rely on glacial runoff for water supply could experience severe shortages. Rapid glacial melting can also cause serious flood damage, particularly in heavily populated regions such as the Himalayas, Karakorum and Tienshan Mountains. As a whole, the world's glaciers are now shrinking faster than they are growing, and losses in 1997—1998 were “extreme”, up to -797mm weq. Scientists predict that up to a quarter of global mountain glacier mass could disappear by 2050. Within the next 35 years, the Himalayan glacial area alone is expected to shrink by to 100,000 square kilometers. In China, the glacier area of northwest China has reduced by 1338 km2 in recent 35 years, which constitute 4.9% of the total existing glacier area. A glacial lake in the Inilcheck Glacier of Tienshan Mountain, the Lake Mertzbakher, bursts once time every year in recent decades, and peak and total discharges of the Jokulhlaup flood from the lake have a general increasing trend as regional warming and glacier melting enhanced. Recent records of the Jokulhlaup events in the 1990s have indicated that the lake volume and peak discharge are becoming larger and larger corresponding to a warming and wetting of the inner Asian continent. The eastern Himalayas, which sit in the Ganges basin, have the

关 键 词：冰消融 环境变化 环境安全 冰川 气候变暖 冰雪灾害 冰盖 海平面 冻融圈 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学] P467[天文地球—地球物理学]