大气颗粒物与气相污染物的化学热力学平衡及与酸化作用的关系  

CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUMS OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SYSTEM AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH ACIDIFICATION

作　　者：刘丽君[1] 汪安璞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心

出　　处：《环境化学》1991年第2期25-33,共9页Environmental Chemistry

摘　　要：本文以大气中NH_3-HNO_3-NO_3^--SO_4^(2-)气溶胶体系为研究对象,从热力学基本理论出发,建立了计算不同大气条件下颗粒物中NH_4NO_3的离解常数和在平衡时气相NH_3,HNO_3及颗粒物中NH_4NO_3浓度的理论模式和计算程序。此模式用于西南酸雨地区和北京非酸雨地区的大气气溶胶体系,结果表明理论计算与现场监测结果之间有较好的一致性。气相NH_3在西南地区空气颗粒物和降水中的浓度与北方大不相同。在西南地区比在北方颗粒物中更可能形成硝酸铵。The atmospheric NH3-HNO3-NO3--SO42-- system has been studied. A theoretical model and an available computer program were established for calculating NH4NO3 dissociation constant under different atmospheric conditions and concentrations of gaseous NH3, HNO3 and particulates of NH4NO3 according to basic thermodynamic theory. This model was applied to the atmospheric system in southwestern (acidic) and northern (non-acidic) areas in China. The theoretical results from the model calculating were compatible with those observed from monitoring in both areas.The concentrations of ammonium in air,and those of am monium salts in particles and precipitations are different in southwestern and northern areas. It is more possible to have ammonium nitrate formed in the southwestern aerosols than that in the northern areas.

关 键 词：大气 颗粒物 污染 化学热力学 酸化 

分 类 号：X510.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]